IS crisis in Iraq and Syria

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Channel72
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Re: IS crisis in Iraq and Syria

Post by Channel72 »

General Brock wrote:As far as I'm concerned, you haven't explained why the evidence of American involvement isn't damning,
So now we have to explain why your conspiracy theories aren't true?? That's... not how this works.
General Brock wrote:or explained why intervention is good. Either you are pro-intervention or you don't know.
Multiple people, multiple times, have explained, multiple times, why intervention is good. You don't process things you read correctly, and your thought patterns are horribly chaotic and scrambled. I guess that's why the crazy shit you put together from crackpot journalists at infowars (a conspiracy site run by this idiot, a 9/11 truther) and whatnot actually makes sense to you.

The latest "news" from Infowars.com: the American television show, The Walking Dead predicted Ebola - and the Ebola outbreak is (likely) a CIA/US military plot! (Is anything NOT a CIA plot these days? I think my missing USB stick is also a CIA plot...)
General Brock wrote:You're incapable of answering and putting to rest in meaningful terms, concerns that America was indeed engaged in the support of DAESH, which can be taken to be factual general knowledge as far as can be gleaned from internet news services.
Holy shit - it's really like you're just a chatbot or something.

America was never engaged in supporting ISIL, anymore than I am engaged in supporting the thief who stole my laptop a few years ago. The fact that you literally don't seem to process that is why your blatherings were HOSed.*

* Just kidding - Stas actually works for the CIA and he's trying to suppress you - you're getting too close to the truth. Run! Run while you still can! Meet me in a dark parking garage for further information, and make sure you're not followed...
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K. A. Pital
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Re: IS crisis in Iraq and Syria

Post by K. A. Pital »

No need to dogpile. Or I will redirect your comments to the same place as Brock's where you could continue this meaningless discussion. Saying that the US 'never' supported ISIL is also a very strong statement that is likely to be false.

I am seriously tempted to flush the two last pages as there is little substance, almost no factual arguments and a lot of worthless namecalling.
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Re: IS crisis in Iraq and Syria

Post by Channel72 »

Whether or not the US monetarily supported ISIL, intentionally and as a matter of policy, is a binary fact; it's either true or false. What evidence do you have that the US made any attempt to support any other anti-Assad factions besides the FSA and other secular or moderate groups? It's really not too strong a statement to say the US never supported ISIL. ISIL is just Al Qaeda in Iraq rebranded. This isn't some grey area; either there was a policy in place to support ISIL/AQ-Iraq or not... and there wasn't, as a matter of actual fact.
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Re: IS crisis in Iraq and Syria

Post by K. A. Pital »

The US very well could have supported ISIL as one of the islamist fractions fighting Assad before it made significant gains. Because we all know the US isn't terribly discriminate about whom it supports. In Afghanistan it supported Hekmatiyar, of course among countless other warlords, but it did support him. The US only designated Al-Nusra a terrorist organization in late 2012, and even then the rebels who received the aid kept handing it over to the islamists. Before late 2012 the rebels were a 'lump', which received and distributed aid to all groups no matter how batshit crazy.

So it is a strong statement. The US may have known its aid is falling into islamist hands freely and done nothing, as it usually does when it thinks letting the islamists support a rebellion is beneficial to its own foreign policy (remember that the Gulf states do hold some sway over US foreign policy and poor Biden had to apologize to the sheikhs for once telling the truth about the nice guys from KSA being well behind the bloodthirsty gang that is now known as IS).

Finally. The US support came through channels in Turkey, through was became known as a 'highway of jihad', allowing aid to flow indiscriminately into Northern Syria and even supporting Al-Quaeda affiliated groups. Not knowing this is one thing. Openly denying it as not just an erroneous act which caused massive blowback but something that never happened is reeking of 1984-style rewriting of history.
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Re: IS crisis in Iraq and Syria

Post by Simon_Jester »

My difficulty isn't so much with the idea that the US provided aid to ISIL as with the idea that:

1) The US did this knowingly, well aware that ISIL would grow into a threat to the peace of the region.
2) The US even intended to support ISIL in particular, as opposed to just randomly throwing money at whoever was fighting Assad in a moronic "gee, let's knock over Assad who we think of as our enemy" knee-jerk.
3) The US did this on such a massive scale that ISIL would shrivel up and die if the US stopped 'supporting' it.

It's one thing to say the US made a stupid mistake and as a result ISIL is more of a threat. It's another thing entirely to claim that the US is puffing up ISIL into a manufactured 'threat' in order to justify ongoing warmongering in the Middle East.
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K. A. Pital
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Re: IS crisis in Iraq and Syria

Post by K. A. Pital »

That is where the whole construct falls apart: you can say the US aided ISIS/Hekmatiyar/Al-Quaeda in Libya et cetera, but one can't really say the US knew in advance Hekmatiyar was going to take over Afghanistan or Abu Bakr would take over Iraq, and that was the reason for the aid. I mean... seriously, the US might have had some probability of that in sight, but the US isn't some sort of Paul Atreides to foresee that this movement would be bold enough to later attack the US itself. The US supported so many assholes indiscriminately that one can't seriously argue one group in the Middle East is now a special case. Or some groups in Central Asia were a special case. Because the difference does not seem to be that big.
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Re: IS crisis in Iraq and Syria

Post by Simon_Jester »

I think the main problem is that the US thinks in terms of an "enemies list" instead of re-analyzing the situation in light of accurately known facts on the ground.

Qaddafi has been on the 'enemies list' since the 1970s, even if the US has tolerated him for most of that time. So when a revolution broke out against him, the US indiscriminately supported anyone who would fight him, because he was an 'enemy.' Assad, likewise.

I'd argue that Saddam Hussein was targeted not because he had anything to do with 9/11 or radical Islamic terrorism...* but because he was on the 'enemies list' and had been since the invasion of Kuwait.

*If Bush might have THOUGHT he did, Bush was even crazier than I believe...
_____________

Anyway. This persistent disconnect between the strategic realities and the US's actions is a major reason why we keep experiencing 'blowback.' We do things that only make sense in the context of something that happened twenty years ago, in an environment that's changed beyond recognition.
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Channel72
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Re: IS crisis in Iraq and Syria

Post by Channel72 »

So it is a strong statement. The US may have known its aid is falling into islamist hands freely and done nothing, as it usually does when it thinks letting the islamists support a rebellion is beneficial to its own foreign policy (remember that the Gulf states do hold some sway over US foreign policy and poor Biden had to apologize to the sheikhs for once telling the truth about the nice guys from KSA being well behind the bloodthirsty gang that is now known as IS).
Stas, I mean if words are to have any actual value here, there's a huge difference between saying "the US supported ISIL" and "the US threw money at a situation and some of that money ended up in ISIL's hands." The latter is true, obviously - the former, totally misleading and essentially false. "Supported" doesn't mean "inadvertently aided" to any normal English speaker. I really doubt a single check from Uncle Sam was ever written specifically to be delivered to ISIL/AQ-in-Iraq. Rather, the US sent a lot of money to various anti-Assad elements, specifically the secular FSA, and inadvertently ended up funding ISIL's activities to a certain extent, because they really didn't appreciate the details on the ground. Really, most (if not all) of the money was intended for the FSA after the Syrian revolution.
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K. A. Pital
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Re: IS crisis in Iraq and Syria

Post by K. A. Pital »

The US funneled aid to Al-Nusra and its precursor groups through Turkey. IS at the time did not yet exist, but it was forming from the islamist groups that were already active in the region. Knowing your aid is falling into islamist hands is just as good as delivering it to them with intent. You surely know that with some reluctance, but the US did brand the group 'terrorist' at the end of 2012. Before that handing the aid over to them was perfectly fine. In fact, given that the FSA never controlled much in Northern Syria delivering aid and supplies to 'rebels' in Northern Syria means delivering them to islamists, later Al-Nusra and finally (post-merger) ISIS. When the US tried to lock the islamists out of the loop (that was in late 2012, early 2013), I would say it was a bit too late.
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Re: IS crisis in Iraq and Syria

Post by Channel72 »

Yeah, which reflects typical US bumbling incompetence, NOT purpuseful support of ISIL in any meaningful sense.

As for supporting Al Nusra, all that indicates is typical one-dimensional, myopic US thinking towards the latest "Arab dictator bad guy"; not an intent to support ISIL, (which, as you said, didn't even exist before 2012.

This stupid shit keeps happening because obviously the US kind of sucks at determining what's going on on the ground, despite our advanced surveillance and reconnaissance tech.
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Re: IS crisis in Iraq and Syria

Post by jwl »

Stas Bush wrote:The US funneled aid to Al-Nusra and its precursor groups through Turkey. IS at the time did not yet exist, but it was forming from the islamist groups that were already active in the region. Knowing your aid is falling into islamist hands is just as good as delivering it to them with intent. You surely know that with some reluctance, but the US did brand the group 'terrorist' at the end of 2012. Before that handing the aid over to them was perfectly fine. In fact, given that the FSA never controlled much in Northern Syria delivering aid and supplies to 'rebels' in Northern Syria means delivering them to islamists, later Al-Nusra and finally (post-merger) ISIS. When the US tried to lock the islamists out of the loop (that was in late 2012, early 2013), I would say it was a bit too late.
Daash has existed for years, it used to be called al-queada in iraq. Which is why I find it unlikely that the US would ever have supported them, regardless of whether they knew what daash would become: they already were on the "enemies" list because of their previous iraqi exploits. They might have been able to do something like this several years ago if they hadn't killed off local warlords and alienated the population, and american forces hadn't killed their then-leader off.
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Re: IS crisis in Iraq and Syria

Post by K. A. Pital »

IS group in Iraq is not the same as what became its Syrian branch.
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Re: IS crisis in Iraq and Syria

Post by General Brock »

@Simon_Jester and Channel72;

You're gaming a couple of logical fallacies; argument from ignorance, continually shifting the burden of proof to myself implying that the CIA-DAESH connection must be false because it hasn't been proved true, based on moving the goalpost of such proof to a high, theoretically attainable standard that is not easily attainable. That's the sort of empty argumentation that makes an informal fallacy fallacious.

Proof from direct sources is intuitively the highest. Only three aggregate parties likely have comprehensive accurate information on the impact of American aid upon DAESH, directly and via proxies. The 'CIA'/Nato/affiliated intelligence agencies, the Gulf Monarchies, and the DAESH. Of these three, the DAESH have the most incentive to out their 'CIA' affiliations, as it would be a huge propaganda coup if the expose were found reasonable by third parties. They won't; its too sophisticated a PR move to actually come clean while everyone else deceives for them to comprehend; on the other hand they do have an unwillingly embedded western journalist with them.

Such a coup would reflect and reinforce what appears to be happening on the ground, though. DAESH populism seems to be Youtube/social media sensationalism driven harder by each new American intervention. Those following jihadist sites are surely exposed to alternative news making the CIA-ISIL claim. Perhaps those aware of the link at some level take this as a divine sign; Allah has provided and compels even the most infidel of infidel, the CIA, to support jihad, therefore faith in DAESH is affirmed. The Gulf Monarchies wouldn't mind their proxies outing the U.S. after Biden outed them but spared the U.S.. Otherwise troublesome Gulf Wahhibists would see their elites as doing something useful for a change. Still, achieving the highest level of information at this time is very low. Its not dishonest to use other valid indicators.

If your put-up or shut-up counter argument is to be taken as war-neutral, then taken as the standard of discourse, then one of the primarly reasons for intervention presented, that DAESH is economically self-supporting from captured oilfields, is also invalid, and, that airstrikes have diminished DAESH's oil profiteering, is also invalid. Armed intervention is as serious if not more so than unmitigated contention of clandestine American intel agency support of DAESH. (To be fair, some in the CIA know this is stupid, but apparently orders are orders).

The reasons for armed intervention must be clear and sound. This has not been deomonstrated with nearly the rigour and vigour opposition to intervention is shot up. How is that not to be taken as warmongers defending warmongering by chickenhawking rhetoric, reducing as much as possible the risks of exploring the rationale for armed intervention while playing up the need? There's a blind spot in your thinking, if you believe yourselves not to be warmongers.

The $3 million (plus) a day oil field figures are based on pre-capture data, and post-capture data relies on expert estimates. Actual DAESH oil output, revenues, and expenses are not conclusively known. There is no reason for DAESH to release this set of strategically valuable information. It would be very difficult for journalists to obtain enough of DAESH's own internal accounting data for a comprehensive picture.

One could unreasonably demand, in a fit of context-free empirical fundamentalism, that accurate post-capture data of DAESH oil production and earnings and disposition of those revenues be presented as the only proof of Islamic State economic viability before and after airstrikes. Those records possibly exist; if DAESH is to mimic a state, they would probably keep halfways accurate accounts. This demand clearly cheapens discussion while pretending to do otherwise, casting out the input of qualified and relevant oil industry experts in favour of information not attainable, defaulting to the argumentative skills of forum commentators who are far less qualified geo-political-economic analysts.

Yet that's what you do. Charges of 'conspiracy theory' don't mean anything to someone who regards 'conspiracy theory' as part of the news-as-entertainment genre, not the mark of Cain. Smears, intimidation, and empty rhetorical tricks are not arguments. Dismissing news links presented to deomonstrate a sampling of the credible information out there, says a lot not good about your attitudes given that this thread began in response to the murder of a journalist.

There is the confirmed Jordanian training camp story, the eyewitness testimony of a former Al Qaida leader, the obvious problem of so-called 'moderate' Syrian rebels aided long after their duplicity and immoderateness exposed, CIA helping coordinate clandestine Gulf Monarchy arms shipments to Syrian extremists, the extent to which non-military aid props the so-called 'Islamic State'. There are documented serious foreign policy proposals for a balkanization of the Middle East. There is the documented real history of the CIA's fostering of mujahadeen to realize foreign policy objectives. There are the unresolved Continuity of Government provisions, and the peaceful diplomatic triumph of the U.S. petrodollar made into a cause for war. Trace the origins of some of that smoke, and one finds a few dud leads, but also what appear to be active fires burning hot.

PNAC and its vision for a new, militarist American-dominated new century are a go. No plan survives contact with the enemy, so the saying goes, but recurrent themes of logistical base in Iraq and Middle Eastern balkanization do help explain current events beyond 'bad stupid stuff just happens'. Now that mid-term elections are over and it can't be made an issue, drone wars chieftain O-blam-aaa has condescended to approach Congress for a mandate to act in Syria and Iraq, and approved plans to double the numbers of U.S. troops in Iraq anyway. Thanks to DAESH and the hype machine surrounding it, this feels justified; in the context of history, its another disaster unfolding for America, its allies and their victims.

Its merely polite and politically correct to say it strongly appears as if Western intel agencies are behind the DAESH, which furthers deep-seated, longstanding not-entirely-public interventionist foreign policy objectives. Its disingenuous to say its just stupidity, when the general vision of warmongering neoconservatives is being realized. Its not so polite but more honest to come right out and agree with responsible and informed news analysts that have concluded that DAESH is a product of covert Western intervenionism.
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Re: ISIL beheads American Journalist

Post by General Brock »

Batman wrote:
All it took to bring the US and Iran to work together was a genocidal, rampaging hoard.
Where's the part where Iran sanctions are lifted and Iranians are allowed to pursue peaceful nuclear research and development as is their right under the non-proliferation treaty?
You will now naturally quote the part of the definition of 'working together' that actually 'requires' that.
Sorry, I missed this.

There is nothing to quote; common sense suggests its going to be Iran's starting negotiating position whether that makes sense or not, or they need a new foreign minister.

Nuclear aspirations are tied to the sanctions; they'd have to concede there, but to what degree is not clear.

Outside the Shia south and into the Sunni Triangle, Iranian troops would face an Iranian Vietnam in Iraq, so Iran isn't going to be that much help anyway.
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Re: IS crisis in Iraq and Syria

Post by Simon_Jester »

My natural reaction is to respond to this in detail because it's directed at me. But since this is Brock coming back literally two weeks after all previous discussion on the thread stopped... not so much.

Brock, you are repeating the exact arguments you made before. The responses have not changed.

1) You are cherrypicking evidence to fit a narrative that exists only in your head, and stitching it together into a quilt of ill-founded notions. In some cases your news articles completely fail to prove what you want them to prove. In others you rely on random editorials by other people with equally large bones to pick, and whose intellectual honesty and integrity really IS in doubt. This does not give you a reliable access to the truth.

If you refuse to stop and think on the reason people keep telling you that, you will never be worth talking to in a political or geopolitical conversation.

2) You are still conflating pro-war policies with my policies. This is false. I am not responsible for policies of people I disagree with.

3) You entirely fail to understand why people call a 'conspiracy theory' and talk about it like it's a bad thing. It has to do with this:

http://xkcd.com/258/

You're spiraling into the same pattern as the moon landing deniers- clinging to a handful of disconnected 'facts,' stripping them of context and neglecting any contradictory evidence that might muddy the picture, then using that handful of 'facts' to justify a very significant conclusion.
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Re: IS crisis in Iraq and Syria

Post by xerex »

jwl wrote: Daash has existed for years, it used to be called al-queada in iraq. Which is why I find it unlikely that the US would ever have supported them, regardless of whether they knew what daash would become: they already were on the "enemies" list because of their previous iraqi exploits. They might have been able to do something like this several years ago if they hadn't killed off local warlords and alienated the population, and american forces hadn't killed their then-leader off.
Stas Bush wrote:IS group in Iraq is not the same as what became its Syrian branch.

As far as I am aware the order of events goes like this. Initially there are two separate Al Qaida affiliates.

One is Al Nursa in Syria formed in 2012 .

The other is a group called Monotheism and Jihad led by Zarqawi that actually formed back in 1999 when it split from AQ. Post 9/11 this group reconciled with AQ and renamed itself Al Qaeda in Iraq. This was the group that seized Fallujah in 2004 resulting in the heavy US operations that year.

By 2006 the remains of AQI merged with several other Iraqi groups and formed the Islamic State of Iraq.

IN 2013 ISI renamed itself the Islamic State of Iraq and al Sham (ISIS) and declared it was absorbing Al Nursa. Al Nursa rejected this but many fighters still left and joined ISIS. Since then ISIS and AL Nursa have had a difficult relationship sometimes allied and sometimes fighting each other. ISI has also declared itself to be separate from AQ once more.
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Re: IS crisis in Iraq and Syria

Post by General Brock »

Simon_Jester wrote:My natural reaction is to respond to this in detail because it's directed at me. But since this is Brock coming back literally two weeks after all previous discussion on the thread stopped... not so much.
Well, sorry. Time passes quickly whether or not one is having fun with work and face-to-face relationships.

You and channel72 don't seem to get it. How does 'conspiracy theory' inherently demonstrate why antiwar isn't a good policy, and that the CIA isn't behind the DAESH. 'Conspiracy theory' was introduced as a catchall argument; it can't stand on its own.

To begin, 'conspiracy' is a legitimate word that means to plan covertly. Planning a surprise party is a conspiracy. Plotting to steal the crown jewels is a conspiracy. The word is not always value-neutral; common association with the illegal and illicit colour it negatively.

Theory is a legitimate word that means, an explanation that explains why something is the way it is and not something else, that is testable.

The meme works by fudging three concepts behind 'conspiracy theory'. 'Conspiracy conjecture' are speculation that loosely defines and explains phenomenon in such a way that phenomenon and explanation may not be valid or testable, and is what most people mean by the pejorative 'conspiracy theory'. 'Conspiracy fact', are conspiracies that have been proven true. Finally, there is 'conspiracy theory', whose literal meaning is to examine cooperative social phenomena and explain and test, why they are the way they are and not something else.

Etymological history suggests 'conspiracy theory' was a value-neutral historical concept introducedinto the lexicon in 1909. Literally, investigating activity that is not openly documented is a conspiracy theory. The cop on the beat regarding a gathering of youth on a street corner with suspicion is a conspiracy theorist. The homebody wondering who else is raiding the fast-emptying cookie jar is a conspiracy theorist. The meme-ization of 'conspiracy theory' as a pejorative catchphrase to ridicule gained social currency after the United States Government used the term to discourage persistent discontent with, and alternative explanations for, the President Kennedy assassination.

'Conspiracy theory' as 'invitation to ridicule' discouraged potentially damagingly accurate speculation as well as baseless but persistent speculation. Merging the two conditions deliberately exploited poor understanding of the word 'theory'. The most affected by the silencing meme were intellectuals who made their living exploring and expounding upon ideas and events. Reporters and serious academics could be tamed by their need to be taken seriously, a perception of respect not guaranteed by merit alone.

Popularly, conspiracy theory as thought control was far less effective. Ordinary people did not take 'invitation to ridicule' seriously. Real conspiracies have been exposed. Pop fiction fantasy turns on plots validating that conspiracies happen. Alternative thought is part of the industry of pop culture; a genre of tainted but accepted rebellion against conventional wisdom. The pejorative meaning of 'conspiracy theory' has drifted, spurred by internet mass communication and an information culture of 'news as entertainment'. Conspiracy investigators clash with the rival cult of sceptic debunkers. Invitation to ridicule cut both ways; to silence, or to mock silencing.

To be called 'conspiracy theorist' is objectionable as a smear on sanity, but to accuse of 'conspiracy theory', is suspect as complicity with not rocking boats in need of rocking. The 'skeptic' movement did little to dispel this trend as skeptics were indistinguishable from the fringe culture they sought to debunk; the sometimes smarter, sometimes less fun side of a tarnished coin.

The use of logical thinking defines conspiracy theory from conspiracy conjecture, the ability to bridge coherently, an understanding of what can be known with what can't.

So, that the CIA is behind the DAESH. 'CIA' and 'DAESH' can refer to single entities or as umbrella terms for associated Western affilated intelligence agencies and associated Sunni extremist organizations respectively. The core premise is an intuitive expectation that the world's foremost intelligence agency, the CIA, is up to another iteration of its documented penchant for proxy war.

For an example of 'conspiracy conjecture', one need examine the 'Snowden Hoax', in which Time Magazine reported that the Iranian Islamic Republic News Agency (IRNA) supposedly broke a story based on whistleblower Edward Snowden's cache of documents tagging Al Baghdadi as a CIA, M5, and Mossad asset. The backtrack trail ends at some nobody, Kareem Al-Baidani, an Iraqi Shiite writer based in Munich, Germany with zero credentials as a news source.

For an example of conspiracy fact, there is the CIA intervention in the Afghan civil war. It was a successful conspiracy to embroil the Soviet Union its own Vietnam. Despite that Afghan secular civil society never recovered and events since 9/11, 2001, the recent CIA self-examination of covert ops calls Afghanistan a success.

Therefore, back to conspiracy theory. Your interventionist counter arguments demonstrated no ability to differentiate between conjecture based on hubris and theory based on facts in evaluating my particular antiwar points. This appears to be carry-over from favouring chickenhawkish interventionist hubris as a reasonable narrative when it is little more than cheerleading prowar conjecture.
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Re: IS crisis in Iraq and Syria

Post by General Brock »

xerex wrote:
jwl wrote: Daash has existed for years, it used to be called al-queada in iraq. Which is why I find it unlikely that the US would ever have supported them, regardless of whether they knew what daash would become: they already were on the "enemies" list because of their previous iraqi exploits. They might have been able to do something like this several years ago if they hadn't killed off local warlords and alienated the population, and american forces hadn't killed their then-leader off.
Stas Bush wrote:IS group in Iraq is not the same as what became its Syrian branch.

As far as I am aware the order of events goes like this. Initially there are two separate Al Qaida affiliates.

One is Al Nursa in Syria formed in 2012 .

The other is a group called Monotheism and Jihad led by Zarqawi that actually formed back in 1999 when it split from AQ. Post 9/11 this group reconciled with AQ and renamed itself Al Qaeda in Iraq. This was the group that seized Fallujah in 2004 resulting in the heavy US operations that year.

By 2006 the remains of AQI merged with several other Iraqi groups and formed the Islamic State of Iraq.

IN 2013 ISI renamed itself the Islamic State of Iraq and al Sham (ISIS) and declared it was absorbing Al Nursa. Al Nursa rejected this but many fighters still left and joined ISIS. Since then ISIS and AL Nursa have had a difficult relationship sometimes allied and sometimes fighting each other. ISI has also declared itself to be separate from AQ once more.
The National Counterterrorism Center sees a clear progression from AQI to ISIL (DAESH):
Al-Qa‘ida in Iraq (AQI)

Al-Qa‘ida in Iraq (AQI), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq (ISI) and more recently the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), was established in April 2004 by long-time Sunni extremist Abu Mus‘ab al-Zarqawi, who the same year pledged his group’s allegiance to Usama Bin Ladin. AQI targeted Coalition forces and civilians using tactics such as vehicle-borne improvised explosive devices (VBIEDs), suicide bombers, and executions of hostages by beheading and other means, attempting to pressure countries and foreign companies to leave Iraq, push Iraqis to stop supporting the United States and the Iraqi Government, and attract additional cadre to its ranks.

Al-Zarqawi was killed in a US airstrike on 7 June 2006. The new leader of AQI, Abu Ayyub al-Masri, announced in October 2006 the formation of the Islamic State of Iraq, led by Iraqi national Abu Umar al-Baghdadi, in an attempt to politicize AQI’s terrorist activities and place an “Iraqi face” on their efforts.

In 2007 AQI’s continued targeting and repression of Sunni civilians caused a widespread backlash—known as the Sunni Awakening—against the group. The development of the Awakening Councils—composed primarily of Sunni tribal and local community leaders—coincided with a surge in Coalition forces and Iraqi Government operations that denied AQI its safehavens, restricting the organization’s freedom of movement and resulting in a decreased attack tempo beginning in mid-2007.

High-profile attacks in 2009 and 2010 demonstrated not just the group’s relevance in the wake of the Coalition withdrawal from Iraqi cities in 2009, but also its efforts to posture itself to take advantage of the changing security environment. Abu Ayyub al-Masri and Abu Umar al-Baghdadi were killed in April 2010, marking a significant loss for the organization.

Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi became AQI’s next leader, and the group has continued conducting high-profile attacks in Iraq and has made efforts to expand within the region. Suicide bombers and car bombs during the first half of 2013 caused about 1,000 Iraqi deaths, the highest monthly violent death tolls since 2008. Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi in April 2013 declared the group was operating in Syria and changed its public name to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. When al-Baghdadi announced the creation of the ISIL, he claimed AQI had founded the al-Nusrah Front in Syria and that the groups were merging. Al-Nusrah Front, however, denied the merger and publicly pledged allegiance to al-Qa‘ida leader Ayman al-Zawahiri.

AQI expanded its targeting outside of Iraq in August 2005 by attempting a rocket attack on a US Navy ship in the Port of Aqaba, Jordan, and in November 2005 with the bombing of three hotels in Amman that left 67 dead and more than 150 injured. The group’s official spokesperson and its leader in 2012 made vague threats against Americans everywhere. The arrests in May 2011 of two AQI-affiliated Iraqi refugees in Kentucky highlight the potential threat inside the United States from people associated with AQI.
Caliphate according to its brand of Wahhibism has been a core Al Qaida Prime (AQ1) objective since the founding of Al Qaida in 1988 Afghanistan, at least as recounted two decades later in 2001, when Ayman al-Zawahiri released his treatise on Al Qaida ideology, "Knights under the Prophet's Banner" that "it is the hope of the Muslim nation to restore its fallen caliphate and regain its lost glory."

Restoring the Ummah has always been a nonsectarian goal of Islam, that sense of pan-Islamic identity and community that did not die with the Ottoman Caliphate, but militancy was not and is still not regarded as the best path to restoration by most Muslims.

Not that the extremists care. Bin Laden was a construction magnate; he was the logistical brains building 'terrorist universities'. Al Zawahiri seems to have been the ideological brain. DAESH as an Al Qaida organization is forwarding the cause as the best cell now able to. They appear to have been influenced by the theory of 'fourth generational warfare' by which organizations are decentralized cells working with great independence toward the same goal. 4G war may have a mixed reception as real military doctrine, but its out there. If AQ uses it as an organizational model, the differences between Al Baghdadi and Al Zawahiri are just between them.

In 2001, caliphate and war on America were linked. By 2005 Jordanian journalist Fouad Hussein reported that Al Qaida had a 7-phase plan as part of their manifesto for realizing this caliphate drawn from interviews with a number of Al Qaida fighters. It roughly matches a shorter 5-point strategy document directly linked to an Al Qaida leader.
[1] "The Awakening," 2000-2003: Provoke the U.S. to attack the Islamic world

[2] "Opening Eyes," 2003 through 2006: Recruitment and consolidation

[3] "Arming and Standing Up," 2007-2009: A specific focus on Iraq, Syria, Jordan and motivate all Muslims to attack Israel

[4] "Collapse," 2010-2013: [4.1] Focus on the collapse of Middle Eastern regimes, [4.2] conduct attacks on oil shipments to the U.S and the West, and [4.3] engage in cyberterrorism

[5] [5.1] "Establishment of the Caliphate," 2013-2016: [5.2] The U.S. has been pushed out of the Middle East [5.3] and Israel is severely crippled or destroyed

[6] "Total Confrontation," 2016-2020: A worldwide Islamic army will be ready for final battles with the believers versus nonbelievers

[7] "Victory," 2020: completed goals, the empire is established
This plan was dismissed by Spiegel Online as not realistic, and is a somewhat incoherent mix of strategic and tactical actions. At the same time, key strategic and operational goals, phases 1, 2, 4.1, 4.3, appear to have been met or close to it, [5] and [6], ongoing. Tactical phases, [3] attacking Israel and [4.2] oil shipments, are dropped or suspended.

The major difference between DAESH and AQ1 is DAESH's overwhelming narrative of Sunni Arab versus Shia + everyone else sectarianism as a catalyst for extremist violence. Yet, AQ1 was already bigoted against Shia, particularly Iranians. AQI/DAESH only realized it to its inevitable conclusion, thanks to the American occupation.

The American occupation imposed a sectarian political narrative upon Iraq; the new democratic system supposedly delivered rule by the largest mob (Shia Arab @ 60% of Iraqis), destroying an oppressive Sunni political class (Sunni Arab @ 20% of Iraqis). Alienation and destruction of of pan-Arab Iraqi identity ensued after the Baath party was outlawed and forced de-Baathification of all national institutions undertaken. In reality, Sunni and Shia Arab populations were about equivalent at 40%, with Kurdish and Turkish Sunni Iraqis constituting 18%, Kurdish Shia and Turk Iraqis were 2%. Shia extremists filled appointee and enough elected positions to dominate the new government, Kurds had their own organization, but there was no pan-Iraqi organization and the Sunni had always organized through the Baath. Resistance could only appear to target Shia and others who agreed to cooperate with the new government. Fracturing along sectarian, then ethnic lines reduced the Iraqi resistance to a Sunni Arab rump.

By 2014, AQ1 was so degraded in Afghanistan/Pakistan it was no longer able to function as the core umbrella organization. Accordingly the self-appointed Caliph Al Baghdadi broke from Al-Zawahiri claiming Al Qaida had broken with the original vision. That could be summarized as establishing a caliphate and destroying the United States in the process, or by the process. The break with other Al Qaida leaders but adherence to what appears to be their plan makes DAESH the leading Al Qaida cell under 4G warfare, not a breakaway.

The arbitrary timing of playing the Caliphate card by Al Bagdadi seems to be premature if what is known about the Al Qaida strategy is to be believed. On the other hand, it accelerates the wars of attrition envisioned between Al Qaida and the U.S.. It also addresses a contradiction in the strategy; how can America be broken by wars of attrition in the Islamic world if it withdraws from them before its irrevocably broken?
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Re: IS crisis in Iraq and Syria

Post by General Brock »

This thread is winding down, but the Kurds of Rojava are doing interesting things. Other commitments are pulling me away from foruming, so I may not be able to respond to comments for several days.

Kobani continues to be a battle of attrition; additional FSA and Peshmerga reinforcements with heavy weapons have perhaps helped. More importantly, the Kobani cauldron has burnt the DAESH and may have reduced forces available to help frenemies such as Al Nusra seize ground elsewhere. In Idlib, a failed attack abetted by compromised Idlib police did not conquer the city but did succeed as a decapitating strike, massacring 70 Syrian Army officers at their HQ. A communications breakdown left units in the field unaware so they held their ground instead of fleeing, allowing the Syrian government to prevent Idlib's fall. Daeshi also seized but failed to hold one of the last Syrian government gas fields, before turning attention to the Kurdish city of Afrin, where immediate victory was not to be had. However, according to Janes, DAESH itself continues to escalate lower level attacks, particularly in Iraq, undeterred by airstrikes.

Kobani is an important centre of the Rojava Revolution, an experiment in participatory direct democracy advocated by PKK leader Abdullah Ocalan, centred around communal economies and popular assemblies. The Kobani Kurds have been cautious of outside reinforcements and mostly only asked for airstikes and heavy weapons, but have accepted what might become potential vipers in the nest in exchange for the extra firepower needed to decisively block the DAESH.

Ocalan's 'democratic confederalism', is a vision of genuine democracy using a direct participatory model. This is at odds with the representative model used by the established governments in the region. Its a vision that does not require nation-statehood, that regards nationalism as a kind of trap that destroys cultural autonomy. Autonomy without statehood is at odds with the Iraqi Kurds in particular, whose representative government is a cover for a mafia state. Rojava is worrisome to the Turks as it gives Kurds a model of autonomy to demand while removing the separatist threat used to justify Kurdish repression by any means. The long-term goal of erasing borders does make the Rojava experiment look like another form of separatism, and abandonment of offensive military force, more a natural outcome of Ocalan's imprisonment. On the other hand, participatory democracy appeared to be working when implemented after the withdrawal of Assad's forces from Kurdish Syria.

The Rojava Revolution is also problematic to any Middle East balkanization plans involving Kurdish nation statehood. Participatory democracy also appears to be at odds with American foreign policy, which seems oriented to installing friendly strongmen along a representative government model.

Former Afghan President Hamid Karzai gave an interview in The Atlantic describing Western opposition to his political philosophy that attempted to bridge the gap between participatory democracy and the sincere needs of people, and representative government institutions disconnected from the people they should serve. Karzai also appears to have prioritized cultural autonomy for governance solutions.
...[The Atlantic] - And does that make your job much more exhausting, sir, that you have to run a government but also—

[Karzai]- Tremendously, tremendously. The next president will not be in the situation I was in. The next president will have better institutions to rely on, but I will advise him, again, that he must also be connected to the people and get information from the people. See, the Western opinion is trying to promote a model of governance here where the government is working for itself rather than for the people. We are not anything else but the servants of the people.

That realization was always there—that a Western model was not going to work?

[Karzai] - The Western model itself is trying to be more connected to the people—they themselves are not doing what they are asking us to do. The Americans and the Western media were trying to create a situation here whereby the Afghan government will be alien to its people, reliant on the West.

While the modern ideals of—it’s no longer modern … the established ideals, I should say—of political parties and interests and functions as the West is doing has merits of its own, a strong foundation for such a system can only be found in a political system more reliant on communities rather than political parties.

[The Atlantic] - Mr. President, you wrote an essay in the 1980s called “Attitude of the Leadership of Afghan Tribes Towards the Regime” [in which] you explored how the tribes remained loyal to the king Zahir Shah. And you mentioned a phrase—that the tribes served as a link between the periphery and the center.

[Karzai] - Very true.

[The Atlantic] - The one criticism, sir, is that that may have been very true in the 1960s, but that the tribal structures, the social structures that you inherited in 2001 were heavily disrupted by three decades of war. So one criticism is that you revitalized these structures again based on a 1960s analysis, whereas the reality was different—that people’s mentality was ready for formal institutions.
"My vision for democracy is one based not on representation, but on participation."

[Karzai] - Why is there a conflict between formal institutions and the social structure? Why should there be this conflict? After all, what is the purpose of governance? How do we best describe democracy? My vision for democracy is exactly taken from our own traditions and social order—a democracy based not on representation, but a democracy based on participation. So my philosophy, political philosophy, here is different from the Western thinking—and the West itself is beginning to arrive at this point, of whether representative democracy is suitable to the environment, and to the needs of the Western world anymore. The way the people didn’t vote in France a few years ago for the European constitution was the lack of faith in the representative democracy. They wanted more participation. There is a difference between representation and participation. In our system, in the Afghan social system, there is an immense amount of egalitarianism—and egalitarianism brings participation. That is my model. And if I have, ever have, complete authority of my own, a complete way of my own, to bring an order to governance—not only to Afghanistan, but around the world—it will be one of participation. This is exactly what India tried, through the panchayat system in India. The panchayat system is inherent to Afghan society. Where people from the smallest communities—from the village level, to the province level, are best governed by participation rather than by representation or dictation.
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Re: IS crisis in Iraq and Syria

Post by Thanas »

Hamid Karzai is a model for corruption and should not be trusted on anything.
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A decision must be made in the life of every nation at the very moment when the grasp of the enemy is at its throat. Then, it seems that the only way to survive is to use the means of the enemy, to rest survival upon what is expedient, to look the other way. Well, the answer to that is 'survival as what'? A country isn't a rock. It's not an extension of one's self. It's what it stands for. It's what it stands for when standing for something is the most difficult! - Chief Judge Haywood
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Re: IS crisis in Iraq and Syria

Post by General Brock »

Thanas wrote:Hamid Karzai is a model for corruption and should not be trusted on anything.
Karzai returned Afghanistan to being the world's leading narco state; no question he was a model for corruption. That doesn't mean he doesn't have useful things to say.

If the Afghanis want anything better, the representative democracy model isn't likely to deliver. Its possible that participatory democracy won't do much better when a nation's leading cash crop is opium poppies.

Obama has signed orders to expand American troop involvement in the war there. Western hip-hop culture will ultimately undermine this initiative as its not going to be just the Russians buying all that heroin, and its sure not all going into legal opiates.

Drug culture needs a new slogan; if you can't say no, buy local.
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