The plight of the pangolin - Being hunted to extinction

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The plight of the pangolin - Being hunted to extinction

Post by Kitsune »

As one might expect, being used for traditional Chinese medicine.
"Traditional Chinese medicine" should be a swear word

http://www.independent.co.uk/environmen ... 76471.html
The plight of the pangolin:
One of the planet's most extraordinary and intelligent animals is being hunted to extinction


It is an enigmatic and highly intelligent animal known as a "mischievous escape artist". However, the luck of the pangolin has finally run out, say conservationists. This extraordinary creature is being slaughtered on an industrial scale and faces being eaten to extinction.

Believed to be the world's most trafficked animal, a single pangolin can fetch as much as $7,000 (£4,300) on the black market.

The pangolin – unique among mammals because of its reptilian scales – is considered a delicacy in parts of Asia. Its scales are also used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat conditions that include inward-growing eyelashes, boils and poor circulation.

Its conservation status is being reviewed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and two species, the Chinese and the sunda (Malayan pangolin), are likely to be designated as "critically endangered" next year.

Pangolins, largely nocturnal ant-eaters, roll up in a ball when threatened and their scales are so tough that a lion cannot bite through them. But this defence mechanism makes it easy prey for poachers.

However, Dan Challender, of the IUCN said the "mischievous" animals were famed as "escape artists". Traffickers have been known to nail their tails to the floor to prevent them running away.

The pangolin population in China is thought to have fallen by up to 94 per cent since the 1960s. This has driven traffickers to raid populations in India, Pakistan and Africa.

Mr Challender said the four species in Asia could be extinct in as little as 20 years. The four African species may last longer.

Lisa Hywood, who takes in rescued pangolins at the Tikki Hywood Trust, a conservation centre in Harare, Zimbabwe, said: "I believe that the pangolin is as much at risk of becoming extinct as the rhino.Probably more so."
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Re: The plight of the pangolin - Being hunted to extinction

Post by Simon_Jester »

I would think that the Chinese Communist Party would be fighting rather hard against "traditional Chinese medicine." They are, if nothing else, modernizers, and it is based on a level of medical knowledge which is only very slightly less ignorant than that of medieval Christendom and its four humours.
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Re: The plight of the pangolin - Being hunted to extinction

Post by Ralin »

Simon_Jester wrote:I would think that the Chinese Communist Party would be fighting rather hard against "traditional Chinese medicine." They are, if nothing else, modernizers, and it is based on a level of medical knowledge which is only very slightly less ignorant than that of medieval Christendom and its four humours.
Nationalism. The CCP relies a lot on nationalism, and traditional Chinese medicine (much of which I'm given to understand is a 20th century invention) is associated with Chinese culture and so on.
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Re: The plight of the pangolin - Being hunted to extinction

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Why can't they go the industrial route then? Farm all these going-extinct species that make up its oh-so-effective medicine?
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Re: The plight of the pangolin - Being hunted to extinction

Post by Grumman »

krakonfour wrote:Why can't they go the industrial route then? Farm all these going-extinct species that make up its oh-so-effective medicine?
Maybe it's like homeopathy: the more of them there are, the less effective it is?
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Re: The plight of the pangolin - Being hunted to extinction

Post by Ralin »

krakonfour wrote:Why can't they go the industrial route then? Farm all these going-extinct species that make up its oh-so-effective medicine?
China has practiced Chinese medicine since the dawn of time. Why would they need to change anything now?
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Re: The plight of the pangolin - Being hunted to extinction

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Because the inexhaustible natural resource has turned out to be less exploitable than expected?
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Re: The plight of the pangolin - Being hunted to extinction

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krakonfour wrote:Because the inexhaustible natural resource has turned out to be less exploitable than expected?
You don't understand China's five thousand years of culture.
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Re: The plight of the pangolin - Being hunted to extinction

Post by Wing Commander MAD »

krakonfour wrote:Why can't they go the industrial route then? Farm all these going-extinct species that make up its oh-so-effective medicine?
Could be an issue with captive breeding similar to pandas, a habitat issue, a long life cycle*, or any number of issues. I imagine ease of breeding is one of the chief factors that determines whether we even try to breed a species commercially. Mind you this isn't even touching on the horror that is modern industrial farming. More than likely no one gives a damn whether the species survives or not since they're not super intelligent (AFAIK) and not cute and cuddly to the average person, so why not hunt it to extinction just like countless others. The only time you can get people to care is if something is perceived at large as either cute or a curiosity (whether the interest is the creature's intelligence, some aspect we find amusing, or some other aspect entirely doesn't really matter). Even if the species' bodily waste was a natural panacea, we'd still probably kill them off instead of cultivate them. We as a species don't do long term well.


Note: For example, even if there weren't ethical issues with killing elephants no one sane would commercially raise elephants for their ivory due to the amount of time it takes for them to mature to adulthood and then breed, to say nothing of the issues of space and feed.
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Re: The plight of the pangolin - Being hunted to extinction

Post by Covenant »

Poor little buggers. What the hell is wrong with these people anyway? Satire aside, China really does want to believe they have 5000 years of history (a manufactured figure) and the cultural power of the "Traditional Medicine" makes more sense when it's called "National Medicine," especially when it ties history and present together in one easily controlled narrative.

While the West seems to have gotten land destruction down to a science, nobody beats Asia in terms of weird animal destruction methods.

I really wish there was more money in conservation. There's plenty, but the whole world is a large net to throw it over. We need a lot more before our wonderful and irreplaceable treasures get ground up as nonfunctional boner powder. People would never let another country make off with their precious Pangolinium if it was a dangerous and rare mineral deposit, but because it's a fuzzy anteater nobody gives two fucks.
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Re: The plight of the pangolin - Being hunted to extinction

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Reproduction
Gestation is 120–150 days. African pangolin females usually give birth to a single offspring at a time, but the Asiatic species can give birth from one to three.[5] Weight at birth is 80–450 g (3–18 ounces), and the scales are initially soft. The young cling to the mother's tail as she moves about, although in burrowing species, they remain in the burrow for the first two to four weeks of life. Weaning takes place at around three months of age, and pangolins become sexually mature at two years.[6]
Now that's just lack of funding keeping these animals away from extinction.
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Re: The plight of the pangolin - Being hunted to extinction

Post by PainRack »

krakonfour wrote:Why can't they go the industrial route then? Farm all these going-extinct species that make up its oh-so-effective medicine?
They do. Its NOT a pretty sight. Google up Black Bear Bile farms, in particular, how multiple sampling leads to infection and the death of the bear. Usually done without anaethesia.
Covenant wrote:Poor little buggers. What the hell is wrong with these people anyway? Satire aside, China really does want to believe they have 5000 years of history (a manufactured figure) and the cultural power of the "Traditional Medicine" makes more sense when it's called "National Medicine," especially when it ties history and present together in one easily controlled narrative.
Simon_Jester wrote:I would think that the Chinese Communist Party would be fighting rather hard against "traditional Chinese medicine." They are, if nothing else, modernizers, and it is based on a level of medical knowledge which is only very slightly less ignorant than that of medieval Christendom and its four humours.
Ok....... Let's clear up some stuff.

The whole thousands of years of history? This ISN"T the West. If you attack TCM along the lines of its changes, you're not going to get very far.While accupuncture in its modern form is new, the materia medicae of TCM goes back to the Han dynasty and has been constantly revised. Massage/Tuina is based from the Ming dynasty and Tai Chi is an update of 'energy medicine' dating back to the Song. Ditto to Accupuncture. The modern form is from the Industrial Age. The charts. Modern day. But the practice itself is dated back to the Han Dynasty and is itself based on even more ancient practices.

IF you attack TCM based on how most of it has come up within the last one thousand years, you're simply going to get the argument that this shows how technology and science has evolved TCM. Never forget that TCM ISN"T like most other forms of traditional alternative medicines. While the 'theories' are based along traditional mystical beliefs from the Warring States era, the practice and execution of it has been along a methodological basis that sees revision every now and then incorporating new techniques and materia medicae.

And TCM as practiced in China is CAM before the West came up with the term. The main political reason for this was that China was embargoed during Mao era and when he revamped China medical system, he chose to use TCM alongside 'modern'(this IS china we're talking about) practices, both to exhibit the self reliance of China, her sciences and most importantly, the fact that TCM is cheap compared to the then non existent medical equipment/drugs that the West wasn't exporting.


Now, the sheer scale and disparity of the population means we're not going to get a cheap narrative for TCM. Some use it because of belief in its efficacy(TCM treats root causes, Western treats symptoms. TCM builds up body, Western is more aggressive and etc etc etc) Some use it because of cost. Some use it out of tradition. Some combine both uses(read insert about efficacy)

But the main reasons why TCM is being pushed by China now is because of its commercial potential. And to develop its commercial potential further, they're not just talking about education and regulation, since we all know educating and regulating nonsense doesn't remove its nonsense.
Its also endorsing and pushing scientific studies into the use of TCM, of which an every growing number of studies are being published in china yearly. And we're not talking about studies on the mystical powers about TCM either. We're talking about trials where efficiacy of methods are compared for various conditions and etc etc etc.

Hell. The use of ATO, indeed, the argument that ATO/ATRA is an effective front line treatment for APML without gent or the traditional, more expensive ATRA augmented chemotherapy is based ENTIRELY off these clinical trials, because arsenic was used as a treatment for cancer and they took that and subjected it to scientific examination . I had the opportunity to read the lecture given here by one of the Chinese scientist who led the initial trial showing how ATO was an effective salvage chemotherapy. He essentially harped about how China materia medicae, how TCM is providing avenues for effective medication, not along the lines of traditional Western pharmacopeia but rather, along the lines of how TCM is effective and how scientific examination will make it more effective, combined with newer techniques and etc.

Hell, just look at how Ma Huang is sold in China nowadays. In pill forms. Literally no fucking difference from ephedra, except that pseudoephedra is made synethetically but Ma Huang pills are still processed from herbs, then subjected to QC for dosage. And before you protest, I'm aware that herbal remedies will still have large varying dose differences, but any discussion of TCM in China needs to recognise how the 'industry' practices is different from the traditional medicine halls . Hell, its even a form of contention for the traditional sinseh/shifus of traditional medicine halls, about how commericialisation and industrialisation has changed the practice of TCM and etc etc etc. Or how Chinese TCM physicians are arguing over traditional diagnostic techniques over actual medical diagnostic techniques and etc etc etc.....

The more modern form of TCM physician, i.e, anything that's actually regulated and out from recent Chinese academies are using medical diagnostic techniques to come up with diagnosis, then combining it with traditional diagnostic techniques to tailor remedies and stuff. And this is even before you go into how Mo shi or electric acupuncture is making its way back into TCM.

I won't say how "good" this means for medicine in China but the discussion points shown here is ignorant of the last two decades of commercialisation and development of TCM in China/East Asia.
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Re: The plight of the pangolin - Being hunted to extinction

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That's all well and good, but then what business do people have to take precious animal populations and grind them up into something, pill form or not, to reduce limpdick?

I mocked the "5000 years of History" thing because it is a meaningless figure meant to promote nationalistic feelings. Not that we don't have such things over here, but it's a garbage term and I wanted to make a swing at it. I wasn't saying that it's taken them 5000 years to come up with the idea of grinding tiger testicles into a cure for hemorrhoids, just that this crap is pernicious because it comes from the drumbeat of national culture. It's bad enough when it's just stupid herbal nonsense but it's awful when it includes importing rare creatures so you can eat their fetuses (because it's a delicacy!)

I appreciate the history lesson though. We were probably being too broad, but the intent was clear. While a good number of us will get annoyed at the Herbal stuff, what everyone is frustrated with is the way fragile populations of animals become obliterated because someone somewhere has a distinctly non-herbal concoction that requires some kind of mystical link between entirely useless Pangolin Scales, which are probably just the same thing as toenails, and a cure for boils and poor circulation:

I mean, really. I nabbed this from the Journal of Chinese Medicine (http://www.jcm.co.uk/endangered-species ... /pangolin/) which just reads goofy.
Chuan Shan Jia [Manitis Squama/Pangolin scales] is classified as salty and cool and as entering the Liver and Stomach channels. It is traditionally used in Chinese medicine to disperse blood stasis (for promoting menstruation and lactation), reducing swelling and promoting discharge of pus (for abscesses and boils etc.) and for expelling wind-dampness (for pain due to rehumatism/arthritis).
It's not just the medicine, it's the stupid eating habits too. I mean, goddamn:
A rare pangolin fetus floats in soup in Indonesia in 2008. Some practitioners of Asian traditional medicine believe pangolin-fetus soup increases a man's virility.
There's a picture attached to this article from National Geographic (http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news ... -pictures/) but it's just sad looking. Again, what the hell, virility?

Does every dead endangered animal promote virility?

Sorry, I'm just getting all upset about this. I'm probably not debating sensibly. I just am very upset that there seems no creature too cute and rare that it isn't callously trafficed so its rare meat can be eaten as a sign of status.
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Re: The plight of the pangolin - Being hunted to extinction

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There's a picture attached to this article from National Geographic
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Re: The plight of the pangolin - Being hunted to extinction

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Covenant wrote:That's all well and good, but then what business do people have to take precious animal populations and grind them up into something, pill form or not, to reduce limpdick?
Especially since we have fine pharmaceuticals that actually DO work to fix "limpdick" that don't involve butchering threatened species.*

I just don't get hunting animals to extinction - but then, maybe I listed too much to Mr. Spock growing up. It's not logical. Look, I get that these animals/plants/products have a certain attraction (l loves me some shark steak, but gave it up because my like is not sufficient to excuse hunting them at unsustainable levels) but if you kill them all there are no more forever. I just don't get it. Clearly, though, this is a mental outlook difference that is out there, with the rare items becoming more and more valuable as they become scarcer.

* With there being more Asians than any other major subdivision of humanity, and more Chinese than other Asians, you wouldn't suspect that "limpdick" is really that much of a problem, yet the anxiety seems quite prevalent.
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Re: The plight of the pangolin - Being hunted to extinction

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Covenant wrote:Does every dead endangered animal promote virility?
Well duh. If someone wants to breed like rabbits, what do you think they should use? Rabbit? That's crazy talk.
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Re: The plight of the pangolin - Being hunted to extinction

Post by Vehrec »

Grumman wrote:
Covenant wrote:Does every dead endangered animal promote virility?
Well duh. If someone wants to breed like rabbits, what do you think they should use? Rabbit? That's crazy talk.
You want an animal with a lot of Yang, so you can absorb it's Yang. Rabbits are not exactly resplendant with Masculine features, Hardness or Aggression. Deer and tigers on the other hand, because they are big magnificent animals, are full of Yang, so you want to grind up deer antler or tiger-penis for your love potion because it will fill a man with more Yang.

Since ED would be viewed as a lack of Yang, and an overabundance of feminine Yin, one would typically rush off and grab whatever one can. And people really do believe that increasing the Yang is possible--or that traditionally Yang items are possessed of some effect beyond the placebo. If this were limited to those who could traditionally afford song-dynasty prices for tiger penis and pangolin scales, things might not be so bad. But China Got Rich, and therein lies the problem. They want to spend money conspicuously, and affording the finest medicine is just one part of that equation.
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Re: The plight of the pangolin - Being hunted to extinction

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That's my problem with TCM, by the way, PainRack:

It is as if modern Western medicine were still based on the four humours. Sure, you could do scientific studies on the four humours, but if there is any intellectual honesty in the process, you will quickly find that the four-humours model does nothing whatsoever to explain human physiology. Treatments that work on one kind of "sanguine" illness do nothing to fix another; there is little or no long-term consistency between the treatments which are effective: this treatment works as a "Yang" restorer for this person's illness, but not for that one, even though theoretically both come from a deficiency of Yang.

Thus, I expect we will find that tiger penis soup has very little effect in a double-blind study, whereas little blue pills ground up and fed into the control group's soup will have a vast effect- so unless we assume that the little blue pill is the essence of Yang somehow, we have a problem on our hands.
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Re: The plight of the pangolin - Being hunted to extinction

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Simon_Jester wrote:That's my problem with TCM, by the way, PainRack:

It is as if modern Western medicine were still based on the four humours. Sure, you could do scientific studies on the four humours, but if there is any intellectual honesty in the process, you will quickly find that the four-humours model does nothing whatsoever to explain human physiology. Treatments that work on one kind of "sanguine" illness do nothing to fix another; there is little or no long-term consistency between the treatments which are effective: this treatment works as a "Yang" restorer for this person's illness, but not for that one, even though theoretically both come from a deficiency of Yang.
Its.... a strange mixture of science and mysticism in China TCM regulatory practices all right.......
Covenant wrote:That's all well and good, but then what business do people have to take precious animal populations and grind them up into something, pill form or not, to reduce limpdick?

I mocked the "5000 years of History" thing because it is a meaningless figure meant to promote nationalistic feelings. Not that we don't have such things over here, but it's a garbage term and I wanted to make a swing at it. I wasn't saying that it's taken them 5000 years to come up with the idea of grinding tiger testicles into a cure for hemorrhoids, just that this crap is pernicious because it comes from the drumbeat of national culture. It's bad enough when it's just stupid herbal nonsense but it's awful when it includes importing rare creatures so you can eat their fetuses (because it's a delicacy!)
I don't think you realise the thrust of my post.

It wasn't to excuse their behaviour. Its to correct what I think is a misconception of how TCM is now being practiced and developed in China and East Asia. TCM isn't being done because of pure nationalism, Chinese culture centrism or a hooky sinseh. Attacking TCM based on how much of its practices is 'new' and isn't actually based on 5000 years of history WON"T be perceived as an effective attack for the Chinese populace, it would merely be seen as how TCM is constantly innovating and updating itself with new technologies. Again, Ma Huang PILLs. PILLS. Not the herbal concoctions that you have to brew in a stew to get the ephedra.

Its a huge, modern industry, CAM on a wider scale than anything seen in the West. And a strange mixture of one healthcare system, two belief systems underpinning it. One using modern science, the other using ancient mysticism. Ralin attacks in particular would be laughed off in the Chinese world because the modern Chinese can see how the traditional sinseh hall has morphed into a pharmacy store.

Lastly, you just can't ignore how TCM in China is a major commercial enterprise, one that the Chinese are promoting purely because of its potential commercial profits and the niche it gives them. Which bring us to animal extinctions. Again, the animals being grinded to extinction aren't being done so because 'cure limp dick'. They're being grinded to extinction because PROFITS, and the people doing so DON"T care because $$$ is the major concern. And this isn't Shark Fin soup. Its not a case of cultural identity. And even for shark fin, the fact remains that shark fin is now being consumed purely as a display of wealth and social status in China, not because its treated as a delicacy. It was a delicacy, that's why it became a wealth status, but attempting to change the culture isn't going to work because the social mechanics dictates that if you don't showcase how wealthy you are, your social power and status drops. A huge problem in the guanxi environment in China.
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Re: The plight of the pangolin - Being hunted to extinction

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And to bring us back to animal extinction, the use of pangolin, deer horns and etc to treat remedies is a profitable enterprise for the Chinese not just 'solely' because Chinese believe it works, its actually a complex environment of cash.

Namely, its highly EXPENSIVE to go for Western treatment in China. So, for the poor, be they urban or rural, they tend to go for the cheaper option, which I must remind you, in China is treated the same as the more expensive Western medical system, is itself underpinned by Western science and diagnostics but because they're using TCM treatment modalities, cheaper.

But again, the sheer scale and disparity of China populace makes it impossible to come up with a simple narrative of why the populace keeps using TCM.The history and cost of TCM in China plays a huge role in providing the demand and its not just a simple case of nationalism and culture centrisim. Connect this with the commercial angle and niche and you get well...... the 'virtuous' cycle of the Free Market tm.
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Re: The plight of the pangolin - Being hunted to extinction

Post by AniThyng »

Could I just interject to ask what's necessarily wrong with the 5k years figure?
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Re: The plight of the pangolin - Being hunted to extinction

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AniThyng wrote:Could I just interject to ask what's necessarily wrong with the 5k years figure?
TCM bases its history on the principles written by the Yellow Emperor in a book, which legend will give it 5 thousand years of history. However, other historical analysis suggest that the book was authored during the Warring States.

More importantly, much of the 'form' of TCM we know now, from acupuncture to herbs come from the Ming to Qing dynasty.
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Re: The plight of the pangolin - Being hunted to extinction

Post by AniThyng »

Ok it sounded more like a comment on Chinese history in general not just tcm
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Re: The plight of the pangolin - Being hunted to extinction

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Two thins I find interesting about TCM based on what I have learned in this thread.

1.) It seems to be a sort of national identity thing based on nationalist preassures. I get that, but the demand for these supre expensive rare materials like rhino horn and the OP is driven by the super rich that can afford them who have education and access to modern medicine but are also not a part of the "pacify the masses with nationalism" crowd. Rather they are the ones using nationalism to their ends. It just seems backwards to me.

2.) I could see using nationalism against the poachers if used correctly. If TCM is ingrained into the culture and is in fact cherished by the common Chinese citizen it seems they would be a major scandel that not only are the "best" ingredients of it only available to thre rich, but the rich are actually going to deny them to the people for eternity via extinction. If you could make this a natioanl priority to ensure these resources are cultivated for future use "FOR THE PEOPLE" you could create a easily supportable pressure for conservation. Sure you would have to harvest some of the animals, perhaps have the government ration it out to highly publicized cases of poor children to show the costs are to benefit the common man, but I'll take non extiction over extinction any day. I'd imagine it could work along the lines of allowing some native peoples to hunt endangeres species in very limited numbers for religious or cultural reasons where the damage of that is vastly compensated for by removing the genearl hunting pressure of illegal poaching.
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Re: The plight of the pangolin - Being hunted to extinction

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Patroklos wrote:Two thins I find interesting about TCM based on what I have learned in this thread.

1.) It seems to be a sort of national identity thing based on nationalist preassures. I get that, but the demand for these supre expensive rare materials like rhino horn and the OP is driven by the super rich that can afford them who have education and access to modern medicine but are also not a part of the "pacify the masses with nationalism" crowd. Rather they are the ones using nationalism to their ends. It just seems backwards to me.
Rhino horn may be 300,000 per horn, but once you grind it up into powder, it just expensive vs super expensive.
More importantly, its not CHina.
http://qz.com/82302/theres-a-country-th ... ut-rhinos/

Its Vietnam. China stopped using Rhino horn already. That isn't to say some practioniers won't prescribe it, but you have to go to the black market to get it.
Also, out of point, Rhino horn in the Chinese pharmacopeia is used as a cure all panacea for everything EXCEPT sexual impotence.:D
http://www.savetherhino.org/rhino_info/ ... e_medicine

2.) I could see using nationalism against the poachers if used correctly. If TCM is ingrained into the culture and is in fact cherished by the common Chinese citizen it seems they would be a major scandel that not only are the "best" ingredients of it only available to thre rich, but the rich are actually going to deny them to the people for eternity via extinction. If you could make this a natioanl priority to ensure these resources are cultivated for future use "FOR THE PEOPLE" you could create a easily supportable pressure for conservation. Sure you would have to harvest some of the animals, perhaps have the government ration it out to highly publicized cases of poor children to show the costs are to benefit the common man, but I'll take non extiction over extinction any day. I'd imagine it could work along the lines of allowing some native peoples to hunt endangeres species in very limited numbers for religious or cultural reasons where the damage of that is vastly compensated for by removing the genearl hunting pressure of illegal poaching.
I'm not sure whether a 'sustainable' campaign would be any better. Again, Black Bile Bear farms..........

More to the point, rhino horn is already removed from the official pharmacopeia and there are potential alternatives to pangolins that's already being explored in China. It might be simple enough that China simply regulates pangolins and its replacement in pharmacopeia, although that won't remove pressure from its use as a health tonic.


If only sharks have such an easy answer...
Let him land on any Lyran world to taste firsthand the wrath of peace loving people thwarted by the myopic greed of a few miserly old farts- Katrina Steiner
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