BlkbrryTheGreat wrote:Gee- it could be that their "sexual freedom*", namely homosexuality, is against their "holy law"; making them angry/miserable that a group out there is flouting "god's law". Additionally, I'm sure there will be some claim that they're indirectly (or perhaps even directly) corrupting the childern- bringing in another angle of subjective anger/misery.
Subjective harm based on delusions of arbitrary, artificial and unjust laws brought by non-existent dieties < objective harm to minorities from said oppression, or even subjective harm from the forced suppression of a natural human desire (AFAIK homosexuality is quite natural and at least partially genetic).
It is true that the passage of the law may not cause any objective harm in and of itself (in may in fact have quite a large benefit). However- this law, like all laws, is just a suggestion unless it is enforced with penalties, backed by the threat of physical force (from the government), on those who violate it. In other words- all laws depend upon enforcement and enforcement depends upon the infliction of objective harm on those who disobey; thus proving my original statement- the only way to suppress someones freedom is through methods that cause objective harm.
They only cause objective harm if you go and break the laws. Until you do, the harm will be subjective (and very minor), especially when you compare it to the benefit. The same is not true of an oppressive law against minorities, which will cause harm proportional to its level of oppression, with even greater harm done to those who challenge it.
If for some stupid reason, the consequences are such that if I don't pass the law, a substantial percentage of the gay-haters would commit suicide out of disgust,
presuming there is no other choice, I would give very serious consideration to passing a temporary law with a sunset provision, and use the time to change those people's minds. While this is far from a perfect solution, are you proposing the other solution (doing something that will knowingly cause many millions to die, which can also be expressed crudely as the Ultimate Removal of All Freedoms, even if it is for a totally stupid reason) is necessarily better? Unless of course the law is for something like the genocide of homosexuals, rather than something
relatively mild like not allowing marriages.
If their minds won't change (or hypothetically if I knew for
certain that even if I gave them that time, those people still won't change), I'd repeal the law at its sunset provision, even if that means those people would commit suicide. At this point, the equation changes. While even those idiots lives are precious, a finite number of deaths is not worth an eternity of pain from oppression.
Of course I don't think that- however the question isn't "are the Untouchables of India happy." It's "Is the misery of India's Untouchables justified if it brings a greater amount of happiness to the majority of India's population?".
The misery of India's untouchables is quantitative (like their poverty). The happiness of the rest of India's population is qualitative. Besides, unless you wish to contend most of India are made of sadists, I really find it hard to believe there is any great happiness in India's majority about the poverty of the Untouchables.
Bullshit- government secrecy allows you to reap the benefits of the implimentation of your value judgement without having to pay any of the potential costs. In this example, you would get all the benefits of chemically induced happiness in soceity without having to deal with the dissent/"unhappiness" from such a decision being made in public.
In general, however, such blissful ignorance does not last forever. Eventually, something tends to leak out (especially since this is such a large scale project), and then you get these problems PLUS you get additional distrust of the government. If you had been honest about the drugs from the start, there will be some dissent, but at least they know their government's been straight with them.
In other words- since you would get a "better" result by keeping it secret you're justified in doing according to utilitarianism.
Presumably, MW makes his calcs like we do, that in the long run, you would get caught, and the rebound would have been worse. I suppose it could get a bit fuzzier if you had already presumed the secret could be held forever. Then there is rule utilitarianism, which would expound the overuse of Secrecy in Government to other, less advantageous circumstances, so overall the use of Secrecy is bad.
Which of course illustrates the main problem of utilitarianism- it allows people in positions of power to justify their actions based strictly on their own subjective standards of value. In real life not every decision is a black and white one between happiness/prosperity and misery/poverty- the vast majority of decisions are ones which involve a tradeoff between these values, and others, both immediately and in the longterm. Instead of allowing people to determine and choose a combination they prefer Utilitarianism forces individuals to live by the subjective value judgement of another person/people.
The analysis of such short-term/long-term benefits
is in and as of itself Utilitarianism.
To relate this to this specific example- Your medicated soceity may be happier in a chemical sense, but whether or not this is a course of action they prefer, let alone agree with, is another question entirely; you've forced them into a course of action that you think is "better" regardless of their opinion on the matter.
All right. So you think that the choice is not to medicate them, and thus deprive them of the measurable (both subjectively and objectively) pleasure. Justify this decision.
If your argument is that based on a different formula, people may not be happier in a medicated society, then you are not really arguing with the base foundations of Utiliarianism, because you are still weighing benefits and costs (subjective, objective, long-term, short-term or otherwise). All you are doing is nitpicking about its exact application.
If your argument is that it would have been better to ask them first, then one can try to see if it is better by Utilitarian grounds. A counterargument might be to point out the sad fact many people cannot tell their butts from their heads (see the latest percentage of Creationists), so asking them may be the equivalent of telling them to stab themselves. Either way, you are still on the Field of Utilitarianism. Besides, it won't challenge the idea that giving them the medication is a better idea than not.
And I find it really hard to believe that most human beings would deny themselves happiness when it does no harm to anyone or themselves.
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By the way, the alternative to Utilitarianism is apparently Deontology. If you think Utilitarianism could be abused to justify incorrect actions, just wait till you try Deontology (closely related to Kantian ethics). Which apparently leads to ridiculous scenarios where you are supposed to tell the truth to a murderer, based on the presumed idea telling the truth is an absolute virtue. You don't have to justify it with any calcs of benefit/cost. It is a virtue, therefore it is good. At least as I understand Deontology anyway - maybe I'm misreading Wiki.