What horseshit! A definition from an Army manual written during one of the high periods of anti-Bolshevist hysteria in this country's history and you don't even suspect that the tenor of the entry is itself propagandistic?The Dark wrote:Here's a pair of quotes from the 1928 Army Training Manual:U.S. Army Training Manual TM2000-05, 1928 wrote:
Democracy, n. "A government of the masses. Authority derived through mass meeting or any form of "direct" expression. Results in mobocracy. Attitude toward property is communistic - negating property rights. Attitude toward law is that the will of the majority shall regulate, whether it be based upon deliberation or governed by passion, prejudice, and impulse, without restraint or regard to consequences. Results in demagogism, license, agitation, discontent, anarchy."
In other words, democracies, such as those in Europe, Japan, Australia, or even Canada up north, do not have: (1)an executive and (2)legislative body, working in a representative capacity together and having all power of legislation to raise revenue and appropriate expenditures? They do not have either (3) a judiciary to review the legality of governmental actions and they do not (4) recognise certain inherent individual rights? They lack the qualities of liberty, reason, justice, equity, contentment, statesmanship, and progress? They do not base their forms upon a constitution? Would you declare parliamentary democracies to be examples of mob rule?Seems to describe the United States rather well. Just because a commercial dictionary has a different definition does not mean it overrides official government definitions.U.S. Army Training Manual TM2000-05, 1928 wrote:
Republic: Authority is derived through the election by the people of public officials best fitted to represent them. Attitude toward property is respect for laws and individual rights, and a sensible economic procedure. Attitude toward law is the administration of justice in accord with fixed principles and established evidence, with a strict regard to consequences. A greater number of citizens and extent of territory may be brought within its compass. Avoids the dangerous extreme of either tyranny or mobocracy. Results in statesmanship, liberty, reason, justice, contentment, and progress. Is the "standard form" of government throughout the world. A republic is a form of government under a constitution which provides for the election of (1) an executive and (2) a legislative body, who working together in a representative capacity, have all the power of appointment, all power of legislation all power to raise revenue and appropriate expenditures, and are required to create (3) a judiciary to pass upon the justice and legality of their governmental acts and to recognize (4) certain inherent individual rights. Take away any one or more of those four elements and you are drifting into autocracy. Add one or more to those four elements and you are drifting into democracy.
Sorry, but this is hairsplitting. The Army in 1928 went to the pains to differentiate between "democracy" and "republic" to reinforce the propaganda of the period, which was hysterically anti-Bolshevist. Ask yourself why the Army went to the pains it did to equate democracy with communism or anarchy.
And I must comment on how amusing it is to find an alledged Independent depending upon "official government definitions" to form his political ideas.
Too bad that is not the sole opinion of the Federalist Papers on the subject. You also ignore that the concepts of "republic" and "democracy" have often been used interchangeably in reference to free elective government. I would remind you that the word "democracy" has its root in the Greek demos kratos —meaning "of the people".Of course, there's also the Pledge of Allegiance "to the Republic," the Constitution which "shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government," and the Federalist Papers, which state that "democracies have ever been spectacles of turbulence and contention."
Seems I recall Abraham Lincoln invoking that phrase describing our own government in the concluding paragraph of the Gettysburg Address. Remember —"government of the people, by the people, for the people" and all that?
As you wish. Communist China also claims to be a "republic". Technically, it is.America has never been a democracy, but rather a republic.
Technically, that is.