So what you are in essence saying is that because it happened once under extreme circumstances therefore a large number of settlers, in your own words, "actively encouraged" it elsewhere with no other proof than this tenuous connection? If you don't see what's wrong with that logic than I don't quite know what to say.Darth Wong wrote: No, that was it for DOCUMENTED cases where someone actually wrote down that he was doing it. You can't seriously believe that nobody else ever did that. The use of disease-carrying material as a weapon of war had been carried on for centuries prior to this in the European theatre; don't tell me that nobody but Amherst ever thought of it.
As for biological warfare being used elsewhere, while it was used it was almost universally used in siege circumstances (as in the Amherst situation was) because biological warfare without modern containment practices is incredibly dangerous (this goes without saying) and no one then was idiotic enough to risk contaminating their own armies, towns, or cities unless they absolutely had to. As such the only time where this routinely happened was when you had the dead infected bodies on hand, couldn't move from the location (either because you were sieging a city or were being besieged) and might as well fling them into the enemy army to get them to. This situation was never encountered by the settlers going west, and the Army had no need to resort to this because they could overpower the Indian armies with their far superior weaponry.
So? There were people in America who disagreed with or even agitated against the Trail of Tears too, but that doesn't mean it didn't happen.
"People weren't for the spread of smallpox because they would never be able to control the spread and it was just as liable to come back against them as it was to kill Indians."
"So? There were people in America who disagreed with the Trail of Tears too, but that doesn't mean it didn't happen."
Non-sequitur galore. You are supporting your claim that the settlers would participate in something which everyone and their grandmother can see would literally be suicidal and for which you have no other proof on the basis that other actions (of a completely different nature) have been performed despite opposition?
A "very restrained evil"? You must have gotten a degree in DoubleSpeak. The fact is that the Americans, from government on down through to regular people, regarded the Indians as subhumans and treated them accordingly. They did not have rights or considerations, they were treated as a nuisance to be removed.
A gross oversimplification. Native Americans were not regarded as subhumans they were regarded as uncivilized and barbaric, but with the potential to become civilized, in stark contrast to the African slaves. This is why the primary purpose of relocation was to forcefully train Native Americans to become civilized and why slavery was encouraged within the “Five Civilized Tribes” of the South (ironically enough they had a working democratic parliament and a higher literacy rate than the rest of the south) and others. This is also why the United States government went out of their way to make sure that every seizure of land and removal was legal under treaty signed with the Indians. Furthermore the American people had a long love/hate relationship with Native Americans; as long as they were holding land that settlers wanted Americans wanted them gone and made civilized by the Army and BIA in the Indian Territories or, later, reservations, but should the Army or Militia ever actually massacre Indians (like after the Sand Creek Massacre and Marias Massacre) the people would rise up in an uproar and demand for blood from the army. Further, after about 1870 the American people became obsessed with the fact that the Native Americans were a “dying, vanishing” race which had to be preserved and protected. This is in no way to say that relations with Native Americans were all lollipops and sunshine in terms of racism, there were people who viewed the Native American as genetically inferior. However they were the exception, and not the rule, and the view of the average American on the street and the position of the United States Government as a whole was never one of inherent racial inferiority.
As for the “doublespeak”, America's history dealing with Native Americans has been absolutely reprehensible and should be in the definition of evil. However, it is nowhere near as bad as many would have you believe, there was no active genocide (again, with the caveat of what happened with California, which wasn't actively encouraged by the federal government) and the Army showed remarkable restraint compared with what you'd find elsewhere in the world (i.e. Colonial Africa and Asia.) That was the point I was making.