Broomstick wrote:Edi - the Finns are a rather remarkable group for NOT being absorbed into the USSR and, despite centuries of having a border with Russia and all that entails, not falling prey to the temptations of provocation.
How do you guys do it?
Because, whatever it is, a lot of other people are NOT doing it, with disastrous consequences.
(Once again, I think my grandparents fleeing Russia was one of the best damn things to ever happen to my family, as much as they hated it at the time.)
Part of it is history. We were a part of Sweden from the 1100s to 1809 and frequently used as a battlefield between Sweden ad Russia, which is one reason why hatred of Russia is so deeply entrenched here. It was originally fueled by the events known in Finnish as Isoviha (the Great Hatred) and Pikkuviha (Small Hatred), periods where Finland was under Russian occupation and the population subjected to all kinds of brutalities at whim.
In 1809, Sweden lost a war with Russia and Finland was ceded to them, but retained the status of autonomous Grand Duchy. We had our own laws (the old laws from Swedish rule), own language (Swedish as official, common people spoke Finnish) and did things our own way and paid taxes on time and caused no trouble. Thus passed the 19th century, no wars, but some pretty serious famines (200k Finns died in the famines around 1860). Then, at the end of the 19th century, with the pan-Slavist movement in Russia gaining ground, they tried to Russianize Finland and began to put all kinds of oppression in place. There was a lot of strife, political activism, petitions to the Czar and various unrest, including the assassination of one Governor-General.
Then World War I erupted, Russia had a revolution and Finland seceded with Lenin's blessings. He intended us to voluntarily join the USSR after we'd had our own revolution, but that never happened and Stalin rose to power after Lenin's death. Stalin had always had a dislike of Finland and tried to add us to the USSR by force in 1939, when we repelled the invasion at a hefty cost during the Winter War. In the Continuation War, we took back the areas lost in Winter War and then there were some ill-planned and ill-fated attempts at establishing a Greater Finland that would have included all of the Karelian areas. The end of World War 2 saw the borders go back to the ones after Winter War, so we lost 10% of the land and had to resettle 400,000 people in addition to paying harsh war reparations. So we did.
After that, it was a constant tightrope balancing act to stay neutral and make sure the Soviets didn't get any reason to find new territorial ambitions, but we managed to pull it off until the Soviet Union fell apart. When that happened and Russia opened for business, Finland was among the first to start making investments there and our stake is still fairly big compared to our size. Finnish companies have opened factories and have all kinds of operations in Russia, but it didn't take long before all kinds of things started manifesting. Initially a lot of the transit traffic through Finland to Russia by truck was in Finnish hands. The figure was somewhere around 80%. That could obviously not hold, as Russian companies would compete with Finns. Enter the Russian government. For the past ten years, Finnish truck drivers have had "mysterious" problems with the validity of their already approved visas, have been required to pay around €500 in "fees" every time they cross the border, been subjected to all kinds of "random inspections" and generally harassed and systematically driven out of business so that now 90% of transit truck traffic is in Russian hands. That kind of seismic shift doesn't happen in ten years without some external factors, in this case Russian authorities.
There has been all kinds of other problems for companies operating in Russia, up to and including outright seizure of assets once the company had actually developed said assets there. Invariably such seizures end with the seized assets being sold dirt cheap or given for free to some Russian business interest. Doesn't matter what kind of protests are made, through the authorities in Russia or even by our government at the highest levels, the reply is always either nothing or "we'll look into it", which never happens except as some sort of show of doing something that never amounts to much. Even now there are ongoing problems that are the cause of unilateral Russian actions and being negotiated.
Finland is such a small nation and we paid a steep price for our independence (85,000 dead soldiers and hundreds of thousands of wounded out of a population of 3-4 million) that we have had to learn how to deal with Russia, even when it is being entirely unreasonable. Our armed forces are small and entirely defensive in purpose. So we have had to adapt. We have also a very level-headed leadership and have had for decades. It all helps. We don't need to like the situation, but we can live with it. We are also not quite as fire-tempered as the people of Caucasus, which is certainly a factor in this. We also have the EU backing us up these days, which means that if Russia wants to strongarm us, they need to deal with the rest of the union and that's a tad more sobering concept. It's one of the primary reasons many Finns voted to join the EU and as the past 15 years have shown, it was the right thing to do.