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So we know the following:
1.) We know an old obsolete Battlestar with most of the armor removed for decomissioning can survive a point blank nuke initation from the pilot miniseries.
2.) We know a modern Battlestar can survive no less than three nuclear initations simultaneously, and then go on to hold it's own against what is it, no less than three basestars simultaneously. "The Captain's Hand".
3.) We know an old-style battlestar can withstand the atmospheric friction of a drop in the upper atmosphere.

4.) Galactica in the finale is hit so hard that she actually rocks up and down. This occurs during the initial barriage before Anders brings the hybrids off line.
BSG Mass Take 1
Doing some rough ballpark weight calculations off of an existing warship brings us a rough minimal mass for Galactica:
(CVN-77; minus the island, but it evens out, since the hull is not a flat block)
332.8m long by 76.8m wide by 31m high -- 792,330 m3
98,235 long tons full displacement -- 220,046,400 pounds -- 99,811,368.1 kg
125.97 kg/m3 density
Galactica is about
1414m long by 338 m wide by 170m high - 81,248,440 m3
(this is for Galactica's main core -- remember, the flight pods retract almost flush with the core)
So if we assume the Big G has the density of a Late Evolved Nimitz...
10,235,025,750 kg
22,564,369,284 lbs
10,073,379 long tons
BSG Mass Take 2
The Colonials measure water volume in "JP"; and since Baltar says that the fleet needs 25 million JPs a week for a population of 45,265; that comes down to about 55.203 JPs per week per survivor; and dividing that by 7 gives us 7.9 JPs a day; and since a human needs about 1-2 gallons of water a day...(yes, I got that off Battlestar Wiki).
Additionally in "Water", we get on screen evidence of the capacity of about 50% of the hammer head nose's tankage:

Total Capacity of Tanks 3, 5, 7 and 9 is 10 million JP from that sign. That works out to 10-20 million gallons for half of the nose; and 20-40 million gallons for the nose in total.
That gives us low and high end figures of:
20m gallons = 75,708,235.7 liters = 75.7 million kg = 74,504 long tons
40m gallons = 151,416,471 liters = 151.4 million kg = 149,008 long tons
For water mass in the nose.
That's actually really impressive, considering in the TNG manual, the 1701-D only carries 62,500 m3 of deuterium in the saddle tanks on the engineering hull; that's about 10.15 million kg = 9,989 long tons for liquid deuterium.
