But remember, the puritan work ethic is what's destroying America .By Zoltan Simon
Jan. 6 (Bloomberg) -- Hungary’s jobless rate rose to a record through November, draining state coffers as the European Union’s most indebted eastern member hands out more in welfare payments. The problem isn’t just a shortage of work.
The Hungarian unit of Flextronics International Ltd., a Singapore-based electronics maker, set out to hire 900 people in November. More than 1,000 unemployed who were notified failed to apply, it said. The jobless rate rose to 10.5 percent in September-November from 9.9 percent in the previous three months, the statistics office in Budapest said today.
Hungary, which is relying on a $29 billion International Monetary Fund-led loan to stay afloat, has the European Union’s second-lowest employment rate after Malta. Low workforce participation threatens to stall economic growth at a time when Hungary needs extra revenue to wean itself off emergency financing. The former communist state is relying on exporters like Flextronics to generate growth.
“If we want to pinpoint the one factor that most restrains growth and hampers Hungary’s competitiveness, it has to be the low employment rate,” Finance Minister Peter Oszko said in a telephone interview yesterday.
The forint traded at 269.49 per euro at 9:01 a.m. in Budapest, from 269.25 late yesterday.
Deliberate Mistakes
Of the 1,400 people the local employment office sent to the Flextronics plant in the city of Zalaegerszeg, 225 kilometers (140 miles) southwest of Budapest, 249 showed up, said Mark Hetenyi, the Chief Financial Officer at the local unit of the company that supplies customers including Apple Inc. and Hewlett-Packard Co. Several made deliberate mistakes in a competency test, preferring to stay on welfare, he said.
Hungary’s economy probably contracted 6.7 percent last year, the most since 1991, the government estimates. The economy will keep shrinking this year before returning to annual growth in 2011, according to the government.
The employment rate was 56.7 percent in 2008, according to Eurostat, the EU’s statistics office, compared with an EU- average of 65.9 percent and 63.9 percent for the 10 eastern European countries that joined the world’s biggest trading bloc in 2004.
‘Narcotic’
Employment in Hungary was kept high during the country’s four decades of communism, when being out of a job was considered a criminal offense. The transition to a market economy left many unskilled workers, including a large portion of the Gipsy minority known as Roma, without a job. Many unemployed people went into early retirement.
As a consequence, tax revenue dropped and welfare spending rose, forcing the government to finance the budget from loans. Borrowing became the “narcotic” that fueled the economy, Prime Minister Gordon Bajnai wrote in a Dec. 28 article in Nepszabadsag newspaper.
Slower growth than in other parts of central Europe and swelling debt levels that kept the country from qualifying for the euro made Hungary more vulnerable to the global financial crisis as investors retreated from riskier markets.
Hungary’s bond market froze and the forint plunged in October 2008, forcing the government to obtain a loan from the IMF, the EU and World Bank to avert a default.
Crisis Management
Bajnai’s crisis-management government, which took office in April 2009 and will run the country until elections due this spring, has passed measures to tackle an aging workforce. Hungary will gradually raise the retirement age to 65, has lowered pensions, frozen state wages and reduced state child support to encourage mothers to return to work sooner. The government also cut income and payroll taxes.
Government debt probably reached 79.1 percent of gross domestic product at the end of last year, compared with 36.5 percent in the Czech Republic and 51.7 percent in Poland, according to estimates from the European Commission, the EU’s executive arm.
Flextronics, which employs 6,500 people in Hungary and has as many as 1,500 additional temporary workers, offered “competitive” salaries in Zalaegerszeg, where it assembles parts for technology and telecommunications clients, Hetenyi said.
‘Prefer to Benefit’
“It’s hard to find workers when people prefer to benefit from the welfare system instead of working on a factory line,” Hetenyi said in a phone interview.
The average net monthly salary for a worker at a computer manufacturing plant in Hungary is about 93,000 forint ($497), according to the statistics office. A parent of two without registered work can receive about two-thirds of that amount in state aid, according to figures on the Labor Ministry’s Web site. Many find additional income in the so-called gray economy.
Some Hungarians are blaming the Roma for bloating the country’s debt burden by staying on welfare. Jobbik, a radical nationalist party, came third in European parliament elections in July, a sign of growing ethnic tensions. The party gained 15 percent of the vote with a campaign focused on crime blamed on the Roma.
Employment “has become a much more complex and much more dangerous question,” Janos Veres, a former finance minister, said at a conference in Budapest last month. “If there is no change, we’re heading into a dead-end economically and as a society.”
--Editors: Balazs Penz, Tasneem Brogger.
/Sarcasm.