[Blog] Is the BLS fudging unemployment numbers by 32?%

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[Blog] Is the BLS fudging unemployment numbers by 32?%

Post by J »

I've been saying for some time now that the BLS unemployment numbers are baloney. The Tyler Durden collective at Zerohedge has followed the money, crunched the numbers, and come up with this.

Zerohedge link
Is The Government Misrepresenting Unemployment By 32%?
Submitted by Tyler Durden on 01/01/2010 09:38 -0500

There is an old saying, "when in doubt follow the money." These days investors have lots of doubt about pretty much everything (if not so much money). And with data from the government increasingly bearing the Quality Control stamp of approval of the Beijing Communist Party, there is much doubt in store courtesy of an administration which will stop at nothing in its competition with China as to who can blow the biggest asset bubble the fastest, data integrity be damned. Undoubtedly, of all government released data, the most important is, and continues to be, anything relating to unemployment. This is precisely where the government's propaganda armada is focused. Yet in matters of (un)employment, the ultimate authority is, luckily, the Treasury, and not the Fed. "Luckily," because when it comes to making money "difficult to follow" Tim Geithner's office still has much to learn. Which is why when we looked at the Daily Treasury Statement data we were very surprised: because it indicates that the government could be underrepresenting employment data by up to 32%!

The suddenly very prominent topic of Unemployment Insurance, whether it pertains to Initial Claims or to Emergency Unemployment, has one very useful characteristic: it is based on "money", specifically money outflows from the US treasury which goes to fund the weekly "paychecks" of those that have not been in the workforce for well over a year. And as pointed out earlier, money can be followed. The US Treasury presents a daily in and outflow of all money sources in the Daily Treasury Statement prepared by the Financial Management Service. And in the plethora of data presented here, probably the most relevant and useful data series is the Withdrawals quantified in the form of Unemployment Insurance Benefits.

Linky to picture, as it's too big

Compiling the monthly data of Treasury Disbursements for Unemployment Insurance Benefits and then superimposing it with the total number of people receiving Insurance Benefits as disclosed by the Department of Labor is a useful exercise, as the two series have historically correlated with an R2 of well over 0.90. Below is an indexed comparison of UIB outlays and Unemployment Insurance Receivers for Fiscal 2007.

Image

Surely this is logical: the more unemployed collecting benefits from the government, the more the outlays.

Yet what struck us is the when this chart is presented from 2007 until today. Something unusual emerges. An absolute chart of the money spent by the government superimposed with the total insured unemployed is presented below:

Image

Yet the best way to see what this chart indicates is on an indexed basis with a September 2007 baseline.

Image

What becomes obvious is that a correlation which used to be almost 1.000 has diverged massively, and now the relative outlays surpass what the government highlights are the number of people actually collecting benefits by 32%! This implies two things: either the average unemployment monthly paycheck has surged, which is not the case, or there is some gray unemployment area which is not disclosed by the government, and which accounts for a shadow unemployed insurance economy. Because while the DOL indicates there are about 9.5 million total unemployed, for the correlation to return to its near 1.0 trendline the number of unemployed on benefits has to be 14 million. At least this is what the actual cash outlays by the Treasury suggest: the government spent a record $14.7 billion on Unemployment Insurance Benefits as of December 30, a 24% jump sequentially from the $11.8 billion in November. Yet the DOL has disclosed a mere 1.7% increase in those to whom insurance benefits are paid: from 9.4 million to just under 9.6 million. To put the $14.7 billion number in perspective, in December the Federal Government paid a total of $14 billion ($700 million less) in Federal Salaries! A cynic could be temped to say that effectively the number of people employed by the government is double what is disclosed. A yet bigger cynic could claim that America is now the biggest socialist state in the world. Both cynics would not necessarily be wrong.

And some more perspective: in calendar 2009 the government has paid $140 billion in Unemployment Insurance Benefits. This is yet another economic stimulus that nobody in the administration discusses, yet which undoubtedly has the biggest impact on the economy, as all those millions unemployed can moderate their pain courtesy of a passable weekly check from the government which should just about cover the rent and beer. Which is why more than anything, Obama is dead set on extending insurance benefit payments in perpetuity: because if the 10 million official and 14 million unofficial people who are on benefits (not to mention the tens of millions of unemployed unlucky enough to even get their weekly allowance from Uncle Sam) start thinking about their true predicament and their real "employability", then a landslide loss by this administration at the mid-term elections will actually be an upside surprise to what it can objectively expect.
Another interesting thing I noted was the timing of the divergence in the last graph and its degree; specifically, the March to May period and October-November. From the BLS tables we see that unemployment was significantly "less bad" during these times, but if this is true then unemployment payouts should be following the same trend. They don't. So either the BLS numbers are untrustworthy or someone's laundering money through the unemployment insurance system to buy solid gold toilet seats.
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Re: [Blog] Is the BLS fudging unemployment numbers by 32?%

Post by Solauren »

Assuming this information is correct (Blogs are not the most reliable source of information in the world, after all)...

My personal opinion is it's a combination of the 2 possibilities J suggested.

Someone probably saw how dodgy the BLS system was, did some of their own crunching, and then decided to take advantage of it.

In short; the numbers were bad, then someone decided they needed solid-gold toilet seats.
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Re: [Blog] Is the BLS fudging unemployment numbers by 32?%

Post by Ariphaos »

...alternately, it could be the government picking up the tab over what private employers pay in.
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Re: [Blog] Is the BLS fudging unemployment numbers by 32?%

Post by Master of Ossus »

Or it could just be people applying for unemployment benefits in an unusually high proportion, for instance if they're unemployed for a long period of time. Also, in early December there was new legislation passed that significantly extended unemployment eligibility. Of course people are going to get more unemployment benefits compared to the number of unemployed if the number of eligibles/unemployed has risen.
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Re: [Blog] Is the BLS fudging unemployment numbers by 32?%

Post by Ariphaos »

Well no, the amount of people on benefit is on display. Costs have gone up disproportionately, that much is obvious.

But employers pay into unemployment insurance. It's basically a form of tax - and generally rather small (I think in Minnesota here it was .65% of wages - I forget).

Naturally, during an extreme recession or depression, that fund is going to get exhausted and someone needs to pick up the tab.
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Re: [Blog] Is the BLS fudging unemployment numbers by 32?%

Post by J »

A question on US unemployment pay-ins since I'm not 100% sure on how it works. Here in Canada, employees have a UI payment that's deducted from their paychecks along with taxes and this money goes into the federal government's slush fund. When the employee loses his job he files for UI and the government pays out his UI benefits. The employer just makes sure the proper amount is deducted in each pay period. Is the US system the same, and if not, what are the differences? I get the impression that there's some major differences since it's mentioned that employers are the ones paying into UI in the US.
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Re: [Blog] Is the BLS fudging unemployment numbers by 32?%

Post by Broomstick »

In the US the employers pay into state funds, not one gigantic Federal fund.

I also think there may be some sort of matching from the state governments going on, or there could be in some states. The amount you receive in an unemployment benefit does vary from state to state, as do job-search reporting requirements.

Many states have exhausted the unemployed benefit funds and the Feds have loaned them money to keep the checks coming - could that also account for some of the rise in costs, if the Feds are now paying the entire amount when before they used to only pay a percentage?

I confess I am not 100% sure how the funding works in detail, but those would be questions I'd want answered.
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Re: [Blog] Is the BLS fudging unemployment numbers by 32?%

Post by Ariphaos »

Yep.
Currently, 25 states have run out of unemployment money and have borrowed $24 billion from the federal government to cover the gaps. By 2011, according to Department of Labor estimates, 40 state funds will have been emptied by the jobless tsunami.
Which meshes nicely with Tyler's graph.

Tyler Durden either can't be arsed to research how unemployment insurance in the United States works, or is an outright liar.

Edit: If anything, this gives me more confidence in the BLS's numbers, as the conspiracy required to do coverups across two dozen states is considerably more insane.
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Re: [Blog] Is the BLS fudging unemployment numbers by 32?%

Post by J »

Looking at a table of when various states began drawing loans from the federal level for UI payments, it's plausible that the increase in federal UI payouts above what the BLS unemployment would indicate was caused by the states' UI funds going insolvent. However, I'd need to go through the State Treasuries of every last one of those states and see a more detailed breakdown of the borrowings, specifically, when each installment of the loan(s) were taken out. Pennsylvania for instance might've started borrowing in March, but how much did they borrow then? I need to know how the loans are spread out over time, was it all in the spring, spread out evenly over each month, or clumped all in the fall? This could take a while.
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Re: [Blog] Is the BLS fudging unemployment numbers by 32?%

Post by Broomstick »

I don't know if it helps, but chronologically Michigan was the first state to run out of money (not surprising, if you're keeping up with the Great Recession).
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Re: [Blog] Is the BLS fudging unemployment numbers by 32?%

Post by Phantasee »

In Canada, part of our EI is deducted from our paycheques, but part of it is funded by the employer. I'm sure the Feds pick up the tab on the rest in a recession, but I believe the deductions and employer payments cover the system well enough, usually. It helps that places that have strong economies can help pay for the system in places where they're hurting, for example Alberta supporting the Maritimes and now Ontario. Yay for Confederation!
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Re: [Blog] Is the BLS fudging unemployment numbers by 32?%

Post by J »

True, but everything goes into the Federal EI slush fund and is paid out from there. The money gets paid in, the Feds manage & invest the fund and pay out claims when they come in. It's all very simple, there's one centalized pool of funds. There's no employer pool, provincial fund or whatever, just one big national pool that everyone pays into and draws from.

Getting back on topic, I shall have to concede my argument for now since it's proving to be impossible to track the US government's fund transfers to various states' UI programs. I can't find a month to month account summary and balance for most of the states on the list so it's impossible to say if the federal transfers to the states line up with the graph or not. I'm certain I can eventually track everything down given enough time & effort but there's no way I'm putting in a week's worth of work for a web board debate.
Xeriar wrote:Edit: If anything, this gives me more confidence in the BLS's numbers, as the conspiracy required to do coverups across two dozen states is considerably more insane.
The BLS numbers are based on a relatively small sampling of businesses and households then plugged into a blackbox model which spits out the numbers. It takes the sampling data along with estimates of where we are in the business cycle, seasonal adjustments, and a lovely birth/death model, stirs it all together and coughs up a number. Oh, did I mention that the preliminary numbers, that is, the front month numbers are based on only 40% or so of the samples, and are subject to revisions of up to 700%?

Why would anyone trust the BLS's figures when we have much better measures such as the TrimTabs unemployment report which is based on the income tax withholdings of every single worker in the US?
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Re: [Blog] Is the BLS fudging unemployment numbers by 32?%

Post by Broomstick »

A number based on income tax withholding will NOT cover every single worker in the US, as a significant number of people are not subject to withholding! Me, for example. As someone self-employed no one withholds anything from my pay (unless I'm smart enough to set sufficient aside for taxes on my own, but that's not what's meant by "withholding") You can also ask your employer not to withhold, if you have an employer other than yourself, and a small number of people fall into that category as well.

Arguably, a number based on tax withholding is more accurate, but as I said, it won't actually include every worker in the US.
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Re: [Blog] Is the BLS fudging unemployment numbers by 32?%

Post by Ariphaos »

J wrote:Why would anyone trust the BLS's figures when we have much better measures such as the TrimTabs unemployment report which is based on the income tax withholdings of every single worker in the US?
That doesn't count me, either. I would not be able to hold a full-time job.

The BLS survey is a sample, the TrimTabs report has an inherent bias - it discounts everyone who is independently wealthy, self employed, or for whatever reason, does not actually have withholdings. The report may have value, but it's useless for determining genuine unemployment. It ignores millions of people.

It's not that the layoffs it counts aren't real - but millions of Americans have additional sources of income, and there are government programs that provide grants and assistance to people trying to start up small businesses in economic straits like these.
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Re: [Blog] Is the BLS fudging unemployment numbers by 32?%

Post by J »

Fine, let's use the ADP report which has a sample size of 23 million, or over 50 times larger than the sample size used by the BLS. The numbers still don't square with those of the BLS, particularly in the 1st and last quarter of 2009, and are closer to those of TrimTabs.

In addition, there's the fictional birth/death adjustments used by the BLS to account for job creation or loss by small businesses which aren't counted by its surveys. Note that it's been positive all last year except for January. This is absurd in light of the fact that small business loans outstanding are falling nicely with default rates steadily increasing. Contracting business credit and rising loan default rates are indicative of a contracting business environment and a net loss of small businesses and jobs, not a creation of said jobs as the BLS model claims. Not to mention small business bankruptcies being up 44% year on year.
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Re: [Blog] Is the BLS fudging unemployment numbers by 32?%

Post by Ariphaos »

Does the ADP honestly have a way of tracking sole proprietorships not done under an assumed name?

Ignoring that it is an employment survey of half a million businesses in the first place.
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Re: [Blog] Is the BLS fudging unemployment numbers by 32?%

Post by Ariphaos »

Actually, thinking about it, the ADP data probably has a serious bias, making it the most useless of the three.

When I started my business, the assumed named publication I was required to make led to a lot of mails, phone calls, to the point where most people would call it harassment, from companies wanting me to pay to get listed in some 'prestigious' manner.

They often begin by taking a 'survey'. You can imagine what I end up telling them.

By tossing in every bit of data they can find, and doing so proudly and openly, they are basically admitting that they aren't correcting for bias. A robodialer can call a hundred thousand people. It does not mean a hundred thousand genuine samples are gathered.

I'm not going to claim the BLS's statistics are perfect. But being on the small business end of things, I know all about how us self employed don't count, in so many ways.
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Re: [Blog] Is the BLS fudging unemployment numbers by 32?%

Post by J »

The ADP report is based on the payroll information it collects from the processing of its clients' payrolls, it's not a phone survey. The BLS is the one that's a phone survey.
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Re: [Blog] Is the BLS fudging unemployment numbers by 32?%

Post by Ariphaos »

J wrote:The ADP report is based on the payroll information it collects from the processing of its clients' payrolls, it's not a phone survey. The BLS is the one that's a phone survey.
Read the bolded phrase until you understand why I consider it more worthless than TDP's tax withholding data.

1) ADP® Employer Services has to be able to contact the client initially via some means. For sole proprietorships not done under an assumed name, ADP has no necessary knowledge that such a business even exists.
2) The client has to have a need for the services that ADP® Employer Services provides. Broomstick does not. I do not. Most self employed, in fact, do not.
3) The client needs to choose ADP® Employer Services to provide their business services.

They aren't starting from a sample, they're starting from a skewed view of the nation as a whole. There are a lot of biases that they can correct for, but I have a hard time believing they can handle the ones implied by the first two points.

I was contacted by several companies wanting to print my checks for me. Does not magically mean I needed such a service and signed up.
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Re: [Blog] Is the BLS fudging unemployment numbers by 32?%

Post by J »

Take a look at the BLS's methodology sometime. All the complaints you have about ADP and TrimTabs hold true as well for the BLS. You, and others like you aren't being counted by the BLS either.
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Re: [Blog] Is the BLS fudging unemployment numbers by 32?%

Post by Broomstick »

What it comes down to is that there isn't anyone really tracking employment numbers well in the US. The IRS probably has the most complete set of data, but it's delayed up to 12 months.
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Re: [Blog] Is the BLS fudging unemployment numbers by 32?%

Post by Ariphaos »

J wrote:Take a look at the BLS's methodology sometime. All the complaints you have about ADP and TrimTabs hold true as well for the BLS. You, and others like you aren't being counted by the BLS either.
No. The BLS's data does not depend on companies needing payroll services, nor choosing ADP. Nor does it depend on tax withholding from people who don't have taxes withheld.

The BLS still misses people, of course, sole proprietorships lacking an assumed name would still evade them (at least in Minnesota). ADP's data is fundamentally more tainted.
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Re: [Blog] Is the BLS fudging unemployment numbers by 32?%

Post by aerius »

Broomstick wrote:The IRS probably has the most complete set of data, but it's delayed up to 12 months.
It's too bad we can't get a full breakdown of the IRS' data, but even the parts which I can see (gross tax revenues) are horrifying. Income tax receipts down 44%, a good chunk is likely people taking pay cuts and dropping into lower tax brackets, but any way you cut it, losing nearly half of the income tax revenues is pretty damn bad.
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