Count Chocula wrote:^ Bacterial resistance to drugs seems, to me, to be a powerful confirmation of the theory of evolution. Shit, seasonal flu shots (yes yes for viral infections) are hit-or-miss.
This seems to be a better, and more recent, and better understood, underpinning to evolution as a theory.
You seem to be talking about the modern synthesis. It's basically 'Everything we've learned about evolution since 1859' in a nutshell. It contains things like:
Genes. Darwin didn't know shit about them. They are the basis of modern evolution.
Mutation. Changes in genes, one of the main origins of new traits. Another thing Dawing didn't know about.
Soma-germ line separation. The body and the mechanism of inheritance are separated. This bears repeating.
Chromosomes. Protien and DNA structures that appear when the cell divides, containing groups of genes. Dawrin and Mendel were both ignorant of these. Mendel chose traits for his plants that were fortunately not on the same chromosomes so he could independently asses them. If Mendel had chosen linked traits, he'd likely have been doomed from the start to fail.
Crossing over. During meiotic cell division, chromosomes break and recombine. If you examine the rate of recombination between two different linked genes, you can actually tell how far apart they are. Fruit flies were the first species to have their genes mapped in this manner. Since they only have four chromosomes, it's rather easy to do.
Population Genetics. First branch of Genetics, although I know some geneticists who are touchy on the subject. It's a big field in and of itself, and defining what a population is is a big part of why a lot of evolutionary studies take place on tiny islands. Deals with the frequency and distribution of genes in actual groups. Needs to account for things like bastards when doing fieldwork in humans.
Genetic Drift. Primary cause of evolution in very small populations and those not under selection. Tends to cause mutants to be eliminated from large populations.
Gene Duplication. The other big source of new varriation. You have a gene that codes for hemoglobin? If you make an extra copy, you can now have one of them mutate into something 'useless' which can then wait until a use is found for it or mutate into irrelevancy and junk DNA. Something like...Myoglobin. It's the protein that makes red meats red btw. Stores oxygen on site until it's needed to give the muscles some surge capacity.
Evolutionary Development. Evo-devo, the hot new field in Evolution today. It concerns things like humans having flat faces, dogs having curly tails and the rare fly mutants that grow legs from where their eyes should be. Reveals that huge structural differences can be cause by very tiny changes in the genetic structure of specific directing genes. It's very complicated but very cool.
Is it taught in school nowadays?
Well, yes and no. It's big. Huge really. You could dedicate every high school class on science to it, and you'd still be leaving huge amounts of the theory by the wayside. It's a synthesis to boot. Nobody discovered it on their own, even if there are central founders. so it doesn't sit well with heroic theories of science about people discovering things that everyone else was too much of an idiot to grasp. Still, if evolution was taught to you in high school, it would be a watered down form of the modern synthesis.