Japanese Scientist Synthesizes Steak From Human Feces
Moderator: Alyrium Denryle
- Norade
- Jedi Council Member
- Posts: 2424
- Joined: 2005-09-23 11:33pm
- Location: Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Contact:
Re: Japanese Scientist Synthesizes Steak From Human Feces
This is a cool breakthrough and if made cheap enough could help for things like long term space missions. Initially I think I'd have issues with eating it myself, but if they can price it below regular meat I'd likely save a few bucks and at least try it.
School requires more work than I remember it taking...
Re: Japanese Scientist Synthesizes Steak From Human Feces
Unless the shit-steak is prepared by those very same kitchens.Stark wrote:I guess I'm in the minority who doesn't see 'uses protein found in shit' to be the same as 'eating a bowl of shit soup omg shit icky'.
Maybe people just don't know much about hospitality kitchen standards? Eating something like this is way less disgusting than eating at a lot of restaurants; mice were not involved!
When I read the title, my first thought was "Only in Japan would this happen."
I'd rather have the meat described in Simon's article than the Japanese method simply because of the sheer ick factor.
ASVS('97)/SDN('03)
"Whilst human alchemists refer to the combustion triangle, some of their orcish counterparts see it as more of a hexagon: heat, fuel, air, laughter, screaming, fun." Dawn of the Dragons
ASSCRAVATS!
"Whilst human alchemists refer to the combustion triangle, some of their orcish counterparts see it as more of a hexagon: heat, fuel, air, laughter, screaming, fun." Dawn of the Dragons
ASSCRAVATS!
Re: Japanese Scientist Synthesizes Steak From Human Feces
I think it's more likely the method will be used to produce high protein animal feed, which is a hell of a lot better then using arable land to grow it.
This is, I suppose, taking it to it's extreme conclusion as a proof of concept
This is, I suppose, taking it to it's extreme conclusion as a proof of concept
"Aid, trade, green technology and peace." - Hans Rosling.
"Welcome to SDN, where we can't see the forest because walking into trees repeatedly feels good, bro." - Mr Coffee
"Welcome to SDN, where we can't see the forest because walking into trees repeatedly feels good, bro." - Mr Coffee
Re: Japanese Scientist Synthesizes Steak From Human Feces
You are getting too hung up on the "it's made from shit!!!" angle. What do you think nice fresh tasty veggies need to grow? Particularly those really nice tasty fresh veggies grown on so-called "organic" farms?Lord Helmet wrote:So all we need are chips made from toenail clippings and sauce from vaginal discharge and we have a fine meal for anybody disturbed enough to want to eat it lol.
JULY 20TH 1969 - The day the entire world was looking up
It suddenly struck me that that tiny pea, pretty and blue, was the Earth. I put up my thumb and shut one eye, and my thumb blotted out the planet Earth. I didn't feel like a giant. I felt very, very small.
- NEIL ARMSTRONG, MISSION COMMANDER, APOLLO 11
Signature dedicated to the greatest achievement of mankind.
MILDLY DERANGED PHYSICIST does not mind BREAKING the SOUND BARRIER, because it is INSURED. - Simon_Jester considering the problems of hypersonic flight for Team L.A.M.E.
It suddenly struck me that that tiny pea, pretty and blue, was the Earth. I put up my thumb and shut one eye, and my thumb blotted out the planet Earth. I didn't feel like a giant. I felt very, very small.
- NEIL ARMSTRONG, MISSION COMMANDER, APOLLO 11
Signature dedicated to the greatest achievement of mankind.
MILDLY DERANGED PHYSICIST does not mind BREAKING the SOUND BARRIER, because it is INSURED. - Simon_Jester considering the problems of hypersonic flight for Team L.A.M.E.
- Panzersharkcat
- Jedi Council Member
- Posts: 1705
- Joined: 2011-02-28 05:36am
Re: Japanese Scientist Synthesizes Steak From Human Feces
I can't let go of that, though. With veggies, it's one step removed from shit, since the plant "eats" the shit first. (Wait, that doesn't really work, does it?)
"I'm just reading through your formspring here, and your responses to many questions seem to indicate that you are ready and willing to sacrifice realism/believability for the sake of (sometimes) marginal increases in gameplay quality. Why is this?"
"Because until I see gamers sincerely demanding that if they get winged in the gut with a bullet that they spend the next three hours bleeding out on the ground before permanently dying, they probably are too." - J.E. Sawyer
"Because until I see gamers sincerely demanding that if they get winged in the gut with a bullet that they spend the next three hours bleeding out on the ground before permanently dying, they probably are too." - J.E. Sawyer
- Shroom Man 777
- FUCKING DICK-STABBER!
- Posts: 21222
- Joined: 2003-05-11 08:39am
- Location: Bleeding breasts and stabbing dicks since 2003
- Contact:
Re: Japanese Scientist Synthesizes Steak From Human Feces
A lot of seeds, which plants grow out of, are deposited by animals shitting them on to the ground.
"DO YOU WORSHIP HOMOSEXUALS?" - Curtis Saxton (source)
shroom is a lovely boy and i wont hear a bad word against him - LUSY-CHAN!
Shit! Man, I didn't think of that! It took Shroom to properly interpret the screams of dying people - PeZook
Shroom, I read out the stuff you write about us. You are an endless supply of morale down here. :p - an OWS street medic
Pink Sugar Heart Attack!
shroom is a lovely boy and i wont hear a bad word against him - LUSY-CHAN!
Shit! Man, I didn't think of that! It took Shroom to properly interpret the screams of dying people - PeZook
Shroom, I read out the stuff you write about us. You are an endless supply of morale down here. :p - an OWS street medic
Pink Sugar Heart Attack!
-
- Emperor's Hand
- Posts: 30165
- Joined: 2009-05-23 07:29pm
Re: Japanese Scientist Synthesizes Steak From Human Feces
Arguably, it does. The plant takes feces (among other things, since good soil isn't pure manure), and then breaks the stuff up on the atomic level to convert it into plant matter. That sense of 'one step removed' is still totally justified, becase there's a step which totally destroyes the poop molecules and turns them into vegetable molecules in the process.Panzersharkcat wrote:I can't let go of that, though. With veggies, it's one step removed from shit, since the plant "eats" the shit first. (Wait, that doesn't really work, does it?)
Now, essentially the same applies to the synthetic steak, unless I am much mistaken, but I can still see the psychology at work.
This space dedicated to Vasily Arkhipov
Re: Japanese Scientist Synthesizes Steak From Human Feces
20 times the target price is not bad for a brand new technology. Definitely feasible for a future product.
I would not buy it for myself or any other person to eat, but for animal feed I could accept it.
(Obligatory: "Eat recycled food: it's good for the planet and okay for you!")
I would not buy it for myself or any other person to eat, but for animal feed I could accept it.
(Obligatory: "Eat recycled food: it's good for the planet and okay for you!")
- someone_else
- Jedi Knight
- Posts: 854
- Joined: 2010-02-24 05:32am
Re: Japanese Scientist Synthesizes Steak From Human Feces
Good to see that Japan is still doing insane things as usual.
Animal poo is never in short supply, and is much easier to harvest than human poo. In civilized countries anyway.
A chemist I know told me that making a reaction where you don't have to waste weeks to purify the products up to a decent degree is not as easy as it may seem when you look at the theory.
The main danger from shit should be biohazards (bacteria and viruses), not other chemicals or radioactives. The former will likely get disassembled by the stuff converting the shit into a steak. The latters may or may not be removed, depending on what preocedure they are following.
But again, if that is poo, it means the creature that ate it didn't die, so it should be safe after you nuked the bacteria/viruses.
I still wonder if this thing nukes prions too (they are Evil Borg Proteins that fuck up other proteins into copies of themselves). I really hope it does.
You keep looking at stuff from different angles than anyone else.madd0ct0r wrote:I think it's more likely the method will be used to produce high protein animal feed, which is a hell of a lot better then using arable land to grow it.
Animal poo is never in short supply, and is much easier to harvest than human poo. In civilized countries anyway.
Depends from how good is the procedure.Panzersharkcat wrote:I can't let go of that, though. With veggies, it's one step removed from shit, since the plant "eats" the shit first. (Wait, that doesn't really work, does it?)
A chemist I know told me that making a reaction where you don't have to waste weeks to purify the products up to a decent degree is not as easy as it may seem when you look at the theory.
The main danger from shit should be biohazards (bacteria and viruses), not other chemicals or radioactives. The former will likely get disassembled by the stuff converting the shit into a steak. The latters may or may not be removed, depending on what preocedure they are following.
But again, if that is poo, it means the creature that ate it didn't die, so it should be safe after you nuked the bacteria/viruses.
I still wonder if this thing nukes prions too (they are Evil Borg Proteins that fuck up other proteins into copies of themselves). I really hope it does.
I'm nobody. Nobody at all. But the secrets of the universe don't mind. They reveal themselves to nobodies who care.
--
Stereotypical spacecraft are pressurized.
Less realistic spacecraft are pressurized to hold breathing atmosphere.
Realistic spacecraft are pressurized because they are flying propellant tanks. -Isaac Kuo
--
Good art has function as well as form. I hesitate to spend more than $50 on decorations of any kind unless they can be used to pummel an intruder into submission. -Sriad
--
Stereotypical spacecraft are pressurized.
Less realistic spacecraft are pressurized to hold breathing atmosphere.
Realistic spacecraft are pressurized because they are flying propellant tanks. -Isaac Kuo
--
Good art has function as well as form. I hesitate to spend more than $50 on decorations of any kind unless they can be used to pummel an intruder into submission. -Sriad
- Broomstick
- Emperor's Hand
- Posts: 28822
- Joined: 2004-01-02 07:04pm
- Location: Industrial armpit of the US Midwest
Re: Japanese Scientist Synthesizes Steak From Human Feces
Of course, with the abundance of slaughter house scrap it seemed to make a certain sort of sense to recycle leftover bits of cow into high-protein cow feed.... Didn't turn out so well in the end.someone_else wrote:Animal poo is never in short supply, and is much easier to harvest than human poo. In civilized countries anyway.
It's possible - Bay State Fertilizer is refined shit from the Boston sewer system. So far, it's seems entirely wholesome. Of course, it's also monitored on a consistent basis, that helps a lot.The main danger from shit should be biohazards (bacteria and viruses), not other chemicals or radioactives. The former will likely get disassembled by the stuff converting the shit into a steak. The latters may or may not be removed, depending on what preocedure they are following.
A life is like a garden. Perfect moments can be had, but not preserved, except in memory. Leonard Nimoy.
Now I did a job. I got nothing but trouble since I did it, not to mention more than a few unkind words as regard to my character so let me make this abundantly clear. I do the job. And then I get paid.- Malcolm Reynolds, Captain of Serenity, which sums up my feelings regarding the lawsuit discussed here.
If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. - John F. Kennedy
Sam Vimes Theory of Economic Injustice
Now I did a job. I got nothing but trouble since I did it, not to mention more than a few unkind words as regard to my character so let me make this abundantly clear. I do the job. And then I get paid.- Malcolm Reynolds, Captain of Serenity, which sums up my feelings regarding the lawsuit discussed here.
If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. - John F. Kennedy
Sam Vimes Theory of Economic Injustice
Re: Japanese Scientist Synthesizes Steak From Human Feces
yeah, if it's suitable for human consumption, it should be good enough for the chickens.
thinking about it, heavy metal concentration and accumulation might be an issue. When you're disposing of human waste on fields you have to monitor the heavy metal content. get past a point and you can't use the land for crops.
same could go for the block of atoms that are being eaten, shit, processed, fed to mr porker, eaten shit ect.
thinking about it, heavy metal concentration and accumulation might be an issue. When you're disposing of human waste on fields you have to monitor the heavy metal content. get past a point and you can't use the land for crops.
same could go for the block of atoms that are being eaten, shit, processed, fed to mr porker, eaten shit ect.
"Aid, trade, green technology and peace." - Hans Rosling.
"Welcome to SDN, where we can't see the forest because walking into trees repeatedly feels good, bro." - Mr Coffee
"Welcome to SDN, where we can't see the forest because walking into trees repeatedly feels good, bro." - Mr Coffee
- Broomstick
- Emperor's Hand
- Posts: 28822
- Joined: 2004-01-02 07:04pm
- Location: Industrial armpit of the US Midwest
Re: Japanese Scientist Synthesizes Steak From Human Feces
Not just heavy metals - the human waste stream in industrialized countries is also full of pharmaceuticals, which can rise to dangerous concentrations (I believe Alyrium has ranted about issues of this sort). The processing from shit to steak may or may not take care of that issue. It's a manageable problem either way, but only if you monitor the situation frequently and diligently and do something about high concentrations of anything that is not desirable.
A life is like a garden. Perfect moments can be had, but not preserved, except in memory. Leonard Nimoy.
Now I did a job. I got nothing but trouble since I did it, not to mention more than a few unkind words as regard to my character so let me make this abundantly clear. I do the job. And then I get paid.- Malcolm Reynolds, Captain of Serenity, which sums up my feelings regarding the lawsuit discussed here.
If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. - John F. Kennedy
Sam Vimes Theory of Economic Injustice
Now I did a job. I got nothing but trouble since I did it, not to mention more than a few unkind words as regard to my character so let me make this abundantly clear. I do the job. And then I get paid.- Malcolm Reynolds, Captain of Serenity, which sums up my feelings regarding the lawsuit discussed here.
If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. - John F. Kennedy
Sam Vimes Theory of Economic Injustice
Re: Japanese Scientist Synthesizes Steak From Human Feces
Since it's just reprocessing protein in shit, and not actually eating shit and taking it into another organism, I really don't think that's an issue.
- someone_else
- Jedi Knight
- Posts: 854
- Joined: 2010-02-24 05:32am
Re: Japanese Scientist Synthesizes Steak From Human Feces
That was a "grinding the stuff into bits and flavour it". And the illness was a prion, a protein-only virus, a very new entry on the scene.Of course, with the abundance of slaughter house scrap it seemed to make a certain sort of sense to recycle leftover bits of cow into high-protein cow feed.... Didn't turn out so well in the end.
If this process disassembles proteins and doesn't just extract them, everything it should be fine. (virus get nuked, prions like get nuked, bacteria get nuked as well)
If it just gathers proteins up without disassembing them... I'm not gonna eat it.
And if the sewer system also collects rain and water coming from dish and cloth washing, you're in for the new level of pain.Not just heavy metals - the human waste stream in industrialized countries is also full of pharmaceuticals, which can rise to dangerous concentrations
Soaps and cancer-inducing particulates from car exhaust (rain collects them from the air)will also be present.
Plus random stuff that idiots dump in their toilet (like for example oil and grease), and loads of other kinds of solid/semi solid materials you have to remove, of course.
Heavy metals can be removed relatively easily since they are ions with an actual charge.
All pharmaceuticals can be removed with reverse osmosis ad/or nanofiltration.
That's why I like much more the idea of using animal poo, since you intercept the shit before it gets into the sewers, where it encounters a buttload of other annoying things you then have to get rid of at your expense.
I'm nobody. Nobody at all. But the secrets of the universe don't mind. They reveal themselves to nobodies who care.
--
Stereotypical spacecraft are pressurized.
Less realistic spacecraft are pressurized to hold breathing atmosphere.
Realistic spacecraft are pressurized because they are flying propellant tanks. -Isaac Kuo
--
Good art has function as well as form. I hesitate to spend more than $50 on decorations of any kind unless they can be used to pummel an intruder into submission. -Sriad
--
Stereotypical spacecraft are pressurized.
Less realistic spacecraft are pressurized to hold breathing atmosphere.
Realistic spacecraft are pressurized because they are flying propellant tanks. -Isaac Kuo
--
Good art has function as well as form. I hesitate to spend more than $50 on decorations of any kind unless they can be used to pummel an intruder into submission. -Sriad
- Broomstick
- Emperor's Hand
- Posts: 28822
- Joined: 2004-01-02 07:04pm
- Location: Industrial armpit of the US Midwest
Re: Japanese Scientist Synthesizes Steak From Human Feces
Except animal poo in modern societies has just as much, if not more, pharmaceuticals than human poo.
A life is like a garden. Perfect moments can be had, but not preserved, except in memory. Leonard Nimoy.
Now I did a job. I got nothing but trouble since I did it, not to mention more than a few unkind words as regard to my character so let me make this abundantly clear. I do the job. And then I get paid.- Malcolm Reynolds, Captain of Serenity, which sums up my feelings regarding the lawsuit discussed here.
If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. - John F. Kennedy
Sam Vimes Theory of Economic Injustice
Now I did a job. I got nothing but trouble since I did it, not to mention more than a few unkind words as regard to my character so let me make this abundantly clear. I do the job. And then I get paid.- Malcolm Reynolds, Captain of Serenity, which sums up my feelings regarding the lawsuit discussed here.
If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. - John F. Kennedy
Sam Vimes Theory of Economic Injustice
- someone_else
- Jedi Knight
- Posts: 854
- Joined: 2010-02-24 05:32am
Re: Japanese Scientist Synthesizes Steak From Human Feces
That's mostly antibiotics and growth hormones, not anywhere near the same stuff we take, unless you have a city of body-builders or bulls that need Viagra. (let's not forget drug users, since that ends up in the sewers as well after it was flushed from your body, I remember the numbers about the concentration of cocaine in the sewers of Milan...)
Although the dose of such stuff will be relatively high.
Anyway I was pointing out that in sewers you find much more stuff than just pharmaceuticals.
Animal poo does not contain soaps you use to wash dishes/floors/clothes, and particulates from car exhaust, or mineral/frying oil, or poison to kill bugs and suncream for example.
In sewers it's common to find them in moderately dangerous quantities (not enough to kill but not healthy for long-term exposure).
Is it better to remove just pharmaceuticals or pharmaceuticals + cadres of other equally annoying stuff?
Although the dose of such stuff will be relatively high.
Anyway I was pointing out that in sewers you find much more stuff than just pharmaceuticals.
Animal poo does not contain soaps you use to wash dishes/floors/clothes, and particulates from car exhaust, or mineral/frying oil, or poison to kill bugs and suncream for example.
In sewers it's common to find them in moderately dangerous quantities (not enough to kill but not healthy for long-term exposure).
Is it better to remove just pharmaceuticals or pharmaceuticals + cadres of other equally annoying stuff?
I'm nobody. Nobody at all. But the secrets of the universe don't mind. They reveal themselves to nobodies who care.
--
Stereotypical spacecraft are pressurized.
Less realistic spacecraft are pressurized to hold breathing atmosphere.
Realistic spacecraft are pressurized because they are flying propellant tanks. -Isaac Kuo
--
Good art has function as well as form. I hesitate to spend more than $50 on decorations of any kind unless they can be used to pummel an intruder into submission. -Sriad
--
Stereotypical spacecraft are pressurized.
Less realistic spacecraft are pressurized to hold breathing atmosphere.
Realistic spacecraft are pressurized because they are flying propellant tanks. -Isaac Kuo
--
Good art has function as well as form. I hesitate to spend more than $50 on decorations of any kind unless they can be used to pummel an intruder into submission. -Sriad
Re: Japanese Scientist Synthesizes Steak From Human Feces
evilsoup wrote: Seriously though, every time I see something like this I think 'Ooo, I'm living in the future'. Unfortunately it increasingly looks like it's going to be a cyberpunkish dystopia, where the poor eat recycled shit and the rich eat the poor.
I'll be honest, I'd probably be fine with this as long as no one told me what it was, but as soon as I found out... not hungry anymore. Any indication as to the texture of the shit steak? That can be as important as taste to some people. Something that tastes like beef but feels like paste might not go over so well.You know what this costs? They gotta raise a whole animal for years and then they kill it.
In the event that the content of the above post is factually or logically flawed, I was Trolling All Along.
"Essentially, all models are wrong, but some are useful." - George Box
"Essentially, all models are wrong, but some are useful." - George Box
- HMS Sophia
- Jedi Master
- Posts: 1231
- Joined: 2010-08-22 07:47am
- Location: Watching the levee break
Re: Japanese Scientist Synthesizes Steak From Human Feces
Just mentioned this to the parents in law. There first reaction is "ew, thats disgusting"... personally, I'd try it. Sounds just as bad as quorn (fungus!) and tofu, so I'd probably try it. And I eat those two alot
Hey evilsoup. I'm gonna sig this if thats okay. I'll remove it if it's not.evilsoup wrote:Seriously though, every time I see something like this I think 'Ooo, I'm living in the future'. Unfortunately it increasingly looks like it's going to be a cyberpunkish dystopia, where the poor eat recycled shit and the rich eat the poor.
"Seriously though, every time I see something like this I think 'Ooo, I'm living in the future'. Unfortunately it increasingly looks like it's going to be a cyberpunkish dystopia, where the poor eat recycled shit and the rich eat the poor." Evilsoup, on the future
StarGazer, an experiment in RPG creation
StarGazer, an experiment in RPG creation
- Kuroneko
- Jedi Council Member
- Posts: 2469
- Joined: 2003-03-13 03:10am
- Location: Fréchet space
- Contact:
Re: Japanese Scientist Synthesizes Steak From Human Feces
Can anyone find a credible source for this? The video the article based on sounds more like a parody than anything newsworthy.
"The fool saith in his heart that there is no empty set. But if that were so, then the set of all such sets would be empty, and hence it would be the empty set." -- Wesley Salmon
Re: Japanese Scientist Synthesizes Steak From Human Feces
Yay, I've been sig'd!
I'd eat this if I was hungry. If this became normal, I think I could accept it (but I wouldn't see this becoming normal any time soon ever). I'm not sure if I see the point of this ... I mean, surely it would be better for fatty anglos to just eat less meat? Should we really be looking for ultra-high-tech solutions when 1) we already have the capability to feed everyone and 2) most parts of the world have the capability to be self-sufficient? Surely the better solution would be a single democratic socialist world-state?
I'd eat this if I was hungry. If this became normal, I think I could accept it (but I wouldn't see this becoming normal any time soon ever). I'm not sure if I see the point of this ... I mean, surely it would be better for fatty anglos to just eat less meat? Should we really be looking for ultra-high-tech solutions when 1) we already have the capability to feed everyone and 2) most parts of the world have the capability to be self-sufficient? Surely the better solution would be a single democratic socialist world-state?
And also one of the ingredients to making a pony is cocaine. -Darth Fanboy.
My Little Warhammer: Friendship is Heresy - Latest Chapter: 7 - Rainbow Crash
My Little Warhammer: Friendship is Heresy - Latest Chapter: 7 - Rainbow Crash
- Broomstick
- Emperor's Hand
- Posts: 28822
- Joined: 2004-01-02 07:04pm
- Location: Industrial armpit of the US Midwest
Re: Japanese Scientist Synthesizes Steak From Human Feces
It's an interesting and novel form of waste treatment, if nothing else.evilsoup wrote:I'm not sure if I see the point of this ...
It's not like "anglos" are the only overweight/obese people on the planet. Thanks for making a racist generalization. Given this was developed in Japan why do you assume it was aimed at white people?I mean, surely it would be better for fatty anglos to just eat less meat?
1) We have the capability to make sufficient food for everyone. It is clear that we either lack the ability to transport it where needed, or the morality to transport it where needed if we do have that ability.Should we really be looking for ultra-high-tech solutions when 1) we already have the capability to feed everyone and 2) most parts of the world have the capability to be self-sufficient? Surely the better solution would be a single democratic socialist world-state?
2) I question if that's actually true. Define "parts". Las Vegas, for example, is in no way self-sufficient and entirely dependent on food and water being delivered from outside the region it occupies. That's aside from some rather well-known African areas which are plagued by drought and famine.
3) This could certainly have applications in remote areas, such as stations in Antarctica which are cut off from supply for months at a time, as well space stations/colonies if we ever manage to get out there.
A life is like a garden. Perfect moments can be had, but not preserved, except in memory. Leonard Nimoy.
Now I did a job. I got nothing but trouble since I did it, not to mention more than a few unkind words as regard to my character so let me make this abundantly clear. I do the job. And then I get paid.- Malcolm Reynolds, Captain of Serenity, which sums up my feelings regarding the lawsuit discussed here.
If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. - John F. Kennedy
Sam Vimes Theory of Economic Injustice
Now I did a job. I got nothing but trouble since I did it, not to mention more than a few unkind words as regard to my character so let me make this abundantly clear. I do the job. And then I get paid.- Malcolm Reynolds, Captain of Serenity, which sums up my feelings regarding the lawsuit discussed here.
If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. - John F. Kennedy
Sam Vimes Theory of Economic Injustice