ST Photorps — Not As Powerful As They're Cracked Up To Be?

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Do you actually pay attention to what you're watching?

Post by Patrick Degan »

Kamakazie Sith wrote:In TOS, the E-Nil survived a nuclear blast against the bare hull IIRC. Will that do? I suppose it won't because we don't know the yield.
Wrong. The Enterprise had her shields up.
No no....what should an M/AM detonation look like? The same?
A M/AM detonation is another type of nuclear event. It is conversion of mass into radiation. This is not actually so difficult to comprehend.
It's out of the question because we see that ST starship hulls cannot even withstand relatively low-velocity kinetic impacts ala the photorp which blasts its way right through the unshielded E-A without detonating in The Undiscovered Country. Were you not actually paying attention when you were alledgedly watching the movie?

To be honest I wasn't interested in these debates when I last watched that movie, considering at the time I thought the TM was canon and since I know it would be boring watching ships zoom across the screen at C...I always though the torpedoes were moving at warp. In TUC it seemed as though the torpedo detonated and the explosion is what caused the hull breach....though it's been a very long time...so I guess I'll have to take your word for it.[/i]

The question is not what you thought the last time you watched the movie. The question is what you saw in the movie.
And the weapon in the TDiC bombardment is similar to the Romulan plasma weapon from "Balance Of Terror" in what way exactly? "Speculation" is labeling a weapon a plasma torpedo with no corroborating evidence or dialogue to back the assertion. Furthermore, we certainly do see the Romulan starships using disruptor weapons in "The Defector", "Tin Man" and "Timescape".

The evidence is the fact that photons and plasma torpedoes are the known primary missile type weapons of the Romulan Star Empire.
That is not evidence. That is speculation. I asked you how the Romulan weapon in the TDiC bombardment was similar in characteristics to the Romulan plasma weapon in "Balance Of Terror" and you have failed to answer this question.
And why are you bringing up disruptors? Those are not missile weapons. Though since we are on the subject the Romulans have been seen to use both disruptors and phasers.
You denied that the Romulans used any other weapon than torpedoes. I pointed out the error. And the standard Romulan starship beam weapon is referred to directly as a disruptor.
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Post by Kamakazie Sith »

SPOOFE wrote: Kamikazie...
ST: V simply can't be used as evidence that Photons aren't MT yield weapons......why you ask? Because Kirk would had to have killed himself in order to satisfy your needs.
True enough. Although one wonders why he ordered a torp at all, if they were such overkill (indeed, one would need to decelerate as it went through the atmosphere in order to cause that little damage). Why not simply order a phaser blast?

It confuses me. Same with the ST:FC weapons.

Oh well. That's why they made advil.
Well it was written by William Shatner? Perhaps that's why. ST weapons are simply confusing....phasers can heat rock but when they vaporize a person nearby people don't get injured.....weird.
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And again and again and again...

Post by Patrick Degan »

Kamakazie Sith wrote:
Patrick Degan wrote: And your examples of higher photorp power are to be found where exactly? Which episodes? Which movies? I've pointed out numerous examples consistent with STV
Consistent with STV? Think of the scaling of those explosions caused by photons against starships, and then think of the explosion caused by the photon in STV.
Yep —Star Trek III: The Search For Spock Photorp detonation against the unshielded BOP and photorp detonation against the unshielded E-nil. Results: very minor surface damage on the hull and internal systems damage. No large hull-breaching blast. No nuclear-level event. In either blast.

You have no argument.
Off the top of my head I can think of TNG "Skin of Evil"
And this is based on...?
My speculation that Kirk doesn't want to kill himself is so very shameless.... Yes my speculation, Kirk doesn't want to kill himself, is so very shameless.
Because it is utterly unsupported in the goddamn movie. Why is this so difficult for you? Because it undermines your entire "über space photorps" theory?

Try rolling this one around in your head for a minute or so: Kirk calling down a photorp strike on his position is not any indication of a suicidal disposition but a man making a hard decision to save the maximum number of lives —namely, his crew. Or is it your contention that self-sacrifice cannot conceivably be on his mind? A man can want to live, yet decide that giving up his life is necessary to save the lives of others.

There is about as much evidence (re: none) to support the one as there is (re: none) to support the other.
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Re: Do you actually pay attention to what you're watching?

Post by Kamakazie Sith »

Patrick Degan wrote:
Wrong. The Enterprise had her shields up.
I stand corrected then. However, in another TOS episode the E-Nil is threatened by a US fighter armed with a nuke and Spock states that if they are hit with their shields down it will DAMAGE them even more.....not destroy....damage.
A M/AM detonation is another type of nuclear event. It is conversion of mass into radiation. This is not actually so difficult to comprehend.
I've heard that a M/AM in space the majority of a matter/antimatter explosion would be produced as gamma rays, which are invisible to the naked eye.
The question is not what you thought the last time you watched the movie. The question is what you saw in the movie.
Like I said....it's been a while.

That is not evidence. That is speculation. I asked you how the Romulan weapon in the TDiC bombardment was similar in characteristics to the Romulan plasma weapon in "Balance Of Terror" and you have failed to answer this question.
Fine, it is speculation based off of known Romulan missile weapons.
You denied that the Romulans used any other weapon than torpedoes. I pointed out the error. And the standard Romulan starship beam weapon is referred to directly as a disruptor.
I said the only two devices(refering to the missiles themselves) I apologize for not being specific.

In TNG "Contagion" I also believe Riker told the Romulan commander to use her phasers to destroy the probe.

In TNG "Unification" the beam weapon used to destroy the transports was referred to as a phaser.

Anyway that's all irrelevant.
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Re: And again and again and again...

Post by Kamakazie Sith »

Patrick Degan wrote:
Yep —Star Trek III: The Search For Spock Photorp detonation against the unshielded BOP and photorp detonation against the unshielded E-nil. Results: very minor surface damage on the hull and internal systems damage. No large hull-breaching blast. No nuclear-level event. In either blast.

You have no argument.
Assuming that the BoP was unshielded is speculation, in fact given that there was no explosion at all seems to indicate that the BoP was shielded. Refer to TNG "Yesterdays Enterprise" for examples of torpedoes hitting a shielded ship and no explosion.

According to various sources a M/AM explosion releases gamma rays which are invisible to the naked eye.
And this is based on...?
The photon torpedo explosion is visible from orbit.
Because it is utterly unsupported in the goddamn movie. Why is this so difficult for you? Because it undermines your entire "über space photorps" theory?
I'm not claiming uber torpedoes here, it's interesting that you would like to think I was. BTW what yield for photons are you going for?
Try rolling this one around in your head for a minute or so: Kirk calling down a photorp strike on his position is not any indication of a suicidal disposition but a man making a hard decision to save the maximum number of lives —namely, his crew. Or is it your contention that self-sacrifice cannot conceivably be on his mind? A man can want to live, yet decide that giving up his life is necessary to save the lives of others.
The ship was not in danger, the only ones in danger were those on the surface......and considering the fact that the crew of the E-A was watching the whole thing play out. GOD wanted Kirk to bring the ship closer so he may "join with it"
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Re: Do you actually pay attention to what you're watching?

Post by Patrick Degan »

Kamakazie Sith wrote:However, in another TOS episode the E-Nil is threatened by a US fighter armed with a nuke and Spock states that if they are hit with their shields down it will DAMAGE them even more.....not destroy....damage.
If you recall, what Spock actually said was that they were being approached by "an interceptor, armed with missiles, possibly with nuclear warheads". Spock was not actually certain what sort of weapons Capt. Christopher's fighter was armed with. And in any case, one line of speculative dialogue in one episode does not negate overwhelming canon visual evidence from other episodes and movies.
I've heard that a M/AM in space the majority of a matter/antimatter explosion would be produced as gamma rays, which are invisible to the naked eye.
Gamma is not the only form of radiation accompanying a high-yield energy burst, as even observation of powerful x-ray sources in the universe attest to. I am not responsible for what you "heard" from "somewhere". Please keep this discussion free of hearsay, if you don't mind.
That is not evidence. That is speculation. I asked you how the Romulan weapon in the TDiC bombardment was similar in characteristics to the Romulan plasma weapon in "Balance Of Terror" and you have failed to answer this question.


Fine, it is speculation based off of known Romulan missile weapons.
Not best evidence, therefore incompetent, irrelevant, and immaterial. Once more, can you not provide evidentary support, based upon observed characteristics, to back your contention?
In TNG "Contagion" I also believe Riker told the Romulan commander to use her phasers to destroy the probe.
Riker was in an excited state at the moment and urging Taris to use her weapons to save her ship. And in many ways, phasers and disruptors are similar in function and effect.
In TNG "Unification" the beam weapon used to destroy the transports was referred to as a phaser.
Nomenclature. See above.
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Re: Do you actually pay attention to what you're watching?

Post by Kamakazie Sith »

Patrick Degan wrote: If you recall, what Spock actually said was that they were being approached by "an interceptor, armed with missiles, possibly with nuclear warheads". Spock was not actually certain what sort of weapons Capt. Christopher's fighter was armed with. And in any case, one line of speculative dialogue in one episode does not negate overwhelming canon visual evidence from other episodes and movies.
It still does not negate the fact that Spock was concerned with damage from nuclear weapons and not destruction.
Gamma is not the only form of radiation accompanying a high-yield energy burst, as even observation of powerful x-ray sources in the universe attest to. I am not responsible for what you "heard" from "somewhere". Please keep this discussion free of hearsay, if you don't mind.
Not in a M/AM explosion. The only radiation released is gamma. If you can provide evidence that different VISIBLE radiation is released during a !!M/AM!! explosion then I will listen.

Not best evidence, therefore incompetent, irrelevant, and immaterial. Once more, can you not provide evidentary support, based upon observed characteristics, to back your contention?
I conceed this point.
Riker was in an excited state at the moment and urging Taris to use her weapons to save her ship. And in many ways, phasers and disruptors are similar in function and effect.
So that means he is wrong?
Nomenclature. See above.
IIRC the officer was not excited in anyway. Nor was he corrected. Thus Romulans also use phasers. Though this whole part is irrelevant so lets move on.
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Re: Do you actually pay attention to what you're watching?

Post by Patrick Degan »

Kamakazie Sith wrote:If you recall, what Spock actually said was that they were being approached by "an interceptor, armed with missiles, possibly with nuclear warheads". Spock was not actually certain what sort of weapons Capt. Christopher's fighter was armed with. And in any case, one line of speculative dialogue in one episode does not negate overwhelming canon visual evidence from other episodes and movies.

It still does not negate the fact that Spock was concerned with damage from nuclear weapons and not destruction.
Now you're grasping at straws. All Spock could be certain of was that the ship might face a missile attack. And the damage the ship took even with shields up from a Romulan nuclear weapon in "Balance Of Terror" indicated that the ship would not survive a nuke blast unshielded. Furthermore, we already have the evidence from TUC as to how fragile a Federation hull is even to low-velocity kinetic impact and you're continuing to argue bizarrly that resistance to nuclear blasts is feasible?!?
Not in a M/AM explosion. The only radiation released is gamma. If you can provide evidence that different VISIBLE radiation is released during a !!M/AM!! explosion then I will listen.
We see it in the lab. In antimatter experiments using particle accelerators at CERN and Livermore.
Riker was in an excited state at the moment and urging Taris to use her weapons to save her ship. And in many ways, phasers and disruptors are similar in function and effect.

So that means he is wrong?
It means that he is not being precise in his terminology at the moment. There are a number of similarities between phaser and disruptor weaponry. A Romulan, for example, might refer to a Federation phaser as a "disruptor", applying the name for his culture's main energy weapon to a weapon which is similar in several respects to what he knows to be a disruptor and not necessarily be wrong but rather not technically accurate. Fission and fusion bombs, for example, are both referred to in common parlance as "nuclear" weapons even though there are differences in their function and design —enough to make a serious technical distinction for purposes of precision in description. The terms "atomic" and "nuclear" are interchangable, even though the former is more suited to purely fission-based processes and was once used exclusively so in that context.
Nomenclature. See above.

IIRC the officer was not excited in any way. Nor was he corrected. Thus Romulans also use phasers. Though this whole part is irrelevant so lets move on.
Again, a matter of nomenclature.
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Re: Do you actually pay attention to what you're watching?

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Patrick Degan wrote: We see it in the lab. In antimatter experiments using particle accelerators at CERN and Livermore.
Can you provide a reference, please?
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Re: ST Photorps — Not As Powerful As They're Crack

Post by seanrobertson »

Patrick Degan wrote: Often, the excuse for these incidents has been the fallback to "low yield" photorps. Except that, never once, in any line of dialogue or in any computer screen display do we ever see or hear of any distincition between high-yield and low-yield warheads, or any order to "switch to low-yield", or any photorp blast which is greater than the ones we have observed in the movies and episodes.
I can't fully agree here.

I don't like the low-yield excuse. In close range battles, however,
it might have some merit--to an extent. "Q Who?" and "The Nth
Degree" establish that a proximity detonation of photon torpedos,
presumably one to three, could destroy the firing vessel. In "Q Who?"
the shields were down altogether, though...and in "Nth" I think they
were heavily depleted.

Also, variable torpedo yields have been mentioned, in "Redemption pt. II."
To illuminate the cloaked Warbirds that were trying to slip past the tachyon net, Data used a torpedo setting that Mr. Hobson disputed: "That won't
even...!" Further, VGR used a single "high-yield" torpedo in her last
encounter with 8472 bioships that was markedly more destructive
than her typical torpedo.

Of course, only the "Redemption" example speaks to "low-yield" as such,
and even then those words were never spoken.
About the only accurate measure that we can find that's akin to the "asteroid vapourisation" gauge from SW is to be found in Star Trek: The Motion Picture in which a small, irregularly-shaped asteroid is drawn into the wormhole tunnel generated by the unbalanced warp engines of the E-nil. With the phasers taken out of action by the imbalance, a photon torpedo is used to destroy the asteroid. From the appearance of the body in question, based upon some admittedly crude scaling and perspective measures of the object in comparison with the starship in the foreground of the scene, the asteroid looks to be not quite as large as the Enterprise, perhaps fifty metres in length.
Sounds about right to me.

We have other such incidents, as well. In TNG "Genesis," photorps are
tested against small asteroids. I don't know the size or the likely
yield of the torpedos from as much, though.

VGR's "Rise" depicts an nickel-iron asteroid that, according to crew members, "should've been vaporized" or been reduced to fragments no greater than 1 cm in diameter. It was a largish potato-shaped asteroid. Again, I don't know the scale we're dealing with, as I've heard wildly contradictory assessments of its size.

We also have Jem'Hadar ships shattering large comet fragments
in "Treachery, Faith, and the Great River." Admittedly, these are
beam weapons, and ice is certainly easier to bust apart than rock,
but one would expect that the beam weapons and torpedos' effects
should be roughly comparable.
If any reasonably accurate measures can be made of this asteroid, then we may have a more accurate picture of the blast yields that can be expected from photon torpedoes.
Hmm...I dunno. That's an awfully old example. To say it's indicative
of later torpedo yields is reaching somewhat, IMO. A better indication
would come from "Genesis" and/or "Rise," I think. Robert Anderson
already has vidcaps from the latter episode at his website; and, IIRC,
a poster here called DasBastard had specific corrections for the
scaling work involved.
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Re: Do you actually pay attention to what you're watching?

Post by seanrobertson »

In TNG "Contagion" I also believe Riker told the Romulan commander to use her phasers to destroy the probe.
Riker was in an excited state at the moment and urging Taris to use her weapons to save her ship. And in many ways, phasers and disruptors are similar in function and effect.
[/quote]

Correct. Phasers and disruptors are pretty much used interchangably. Klingons are purported to use disruptors, too ("Aquiel," "Redemption," "ST: Generations," et al.). In "A Matter of Honor," the captain of a Bird of Prey ordered one of his men, "Arm phasers and photon torpedos. Prepare to fire them simultaneously."

Since Klingon weapons emit nadions, like phasers ("Endgame"), the
erradic nomenclature is understandable. Their effects are similar (lingering
"vaporization" of the gunner in STIII), they can be fired as beams or
pulses, etc., etc.
//In TNG "Unification" the beam weapon used to destroy the transports was referred to as a phaser.//

Nomenclature. See above.
Right. They're the same things. The disruptors might differ in a few
circumstantial ways--color of the beams, efficiency (Romulan weapons
being actually more efficient than Federation ones as a rule), perhaps
limited to fewer overall settings--but they're really VERY similar to phasers.

This fuzziness also exists among Cardassian ships. In the two-parter
with Cpt. Jellico, a small Cardassian fleet is ordered out of a nebula and to jettison their "phaser coils" along the way. In other episodes,
Cardassians use "disruptors" ("Return To Grace") AND "phasers" (same
episode). When used, the weapons' FX are very similar.
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Re: Do you actually pay attention to what you're watching?

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Kamakazie Sith wrote:
Patrick Degan wrote: If you recall, what Spock actually said was that they were being approached by "an interceptor, armed with missiles, possibly with nuclear warheads". Spock was not actually certain what sort of weapons Capt. Christopher's fighter was armed with. And in any case, one line of speculative dialogue in one episode does not negate overwhelming canon visual evidence from other episodes and movies.
It still does not negate the fact that Spock was concerned with damage from nuclear weapons and not destruction.

Well, the type of fighter, IIRC, that they encountered was never fitted with nuclear warheads.. Those that were, were very low kiloton weapons..

So they say 'damage' and they can't be afraid of it? The most idiotic twisting of words I've heard outside of DorkStar in a while. If it blew their nacelles off they'd be 'damaged', does that mean it's fine to blast them off? Oy.
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Re: ST Photorps — Not As Powerful As They're Crack

Post by Darth Wong »

seanrobertson wrote:I don't like the low-yield excuse. In close range battles, however, it might have some merit--to an extent. "Q Who?" and "The Nth Degree" establish that a proximity detonation of photon torpedos,
presumably one to three, could destroy the firing vessel. In "Q Who?"
the shields were down altogether, though...and in "Nth" I think they
were heavily depleted.
The general concept of torps which can destroy the ship which launched them from proximity effects while simultaneously being incapable of destroying an unshielded target without multiple direct hits is one of the biggest inconsistencies of Trek. It's almost ludicrous, really.

The only way to explain it (since the danger from proximity blasts was described but never demonstrated) is to go with the latter: it takes multiple direct hits, and the crew was just being neurotically over-cautious in the early TNG seasons (or perhaps they were afraid that the slightest jolt would cause the warp core to explode; a reasonable concern :)).
Also, variable torpedo yields have been mentioned, in "Redemption pt. II." To illuminate the cloaked Warbirds that were trying to slip past the tachyon net, Data used a torpedo setting that Mr. Hobson disputed: "That won't even...!"
Mind you, that doesn't necessarily indicate continuously variable yields. TOS-era phasers had "stun" and "kill" settings, with no other settings in between. This sounds like a "marker" setting.
Further, VGR used a single "high-yield" torpedo in her last
encounter with 8472 bioships that was markedly more destructive
than her typical torpedo.
That was a special torpedo, not a regular torpedo set to high yield.
VGR's "Rise" depicts an nickel-iron asteroid that, according to crew members, "should've been vaporized" or been reduced to fragments no greater than 1 cm in diameter. It was a largish potato-shaped asteroid. Again, I don't know the scale we're dealing with, as I've heard wildly contradictory assessments of its size.
Keep in mind that the person making the wildest assessments is also assuming vapourization even though it was clearly fragmented, not vapourized (we can even see big solid chunks flying away). Use the asteroid destruction calculator on my site to figure out the numbers for fragmentation; even if we use Darkstar's ridiculously exaggerated size (450m IIRC), we get less than 100 kT. Still not MT-class.
We also have Jem'Hadar ships shattering large comet fragments
in "Treachery, Faith, and the Great River." Admittedly, these are
beam weapons, and ice is certainly easier to bust apart than rock,
but one would expect that the beam weapons and torpedos' effects
should be roughly comparable.
Phasers are extremely effective against water (see "Ensigns of Command"). Besides, even if those comets were more than a kilometre wide, a 100kT explosive would still destroy them.
Hmm...I dunno. That's an awfully old example. To say it's indicative of later torpedo yields is reaching somewhat, IMO. A better indication would come from "Genesis" and/or "Rise," I think. Robert Anderson already has vidcaps from the latter episode at his website; and, IIRC, a poster here called DasBastard had specific corrections for the
scaling work involved.
I believe the asteroid works out to something like 250m after being scaled correctly (somebody correct me if I'm wrong; I haven't studied this too carefully). That would imply that they figured their torps were capable of at least 15 kT output (75 kT if we assume pure nickel-iron).

Mind you, that's actually quite high compared to some of the other incidents. As I've said elsewhere, I think that kT range is about the best we can squeeze out of ST visuals without resorting to literal semantic interpretations of speculative character dialogue (not exactly the most reliable method; you won't find it used by too many real-life scientists or engineers).
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Re: ST Photorps — Not As Powerful As They're Crack

Post by The Dude »

Darth Wong wrote:I believe the asteroid works out to something like 250m after being scaled correctly (somebody correct me if I'm wrong; I haven't studied this too carefully). That would imply that they figured their torps were capable of at least 15 kT output (75 kT if we assume pure nickel-iron).
The correct number was closer to 75m (on its longest axis - it was about 40m on its shorter axis), indicating a yield in the single-digit kilotons.
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Re: Do you actually pay attention to what you're watching?

Post by seanrobertson »

SirNitram wrote: Well, the type of fighter, IIRC, that they encountered was never fitted with nuclear warheads.. Those that were, were very low kiloton weapons..

So they say 'damage' and they can't be afraid of it? The most idiotic twisting of words I've heard outside of DorkStar in a while. If it blew their nacelles off they'd be 'damaged', does that mean it's fine to blast them off? Oy.
LOL :)

The fighter was equipped with very small nuclear warheads, and Spock
did say that, without shields, a hit from one of those weapons would
damage them. IIRC, however, he qualified that as "minor damage"
or words to that effect. I readily admit I could be wrong.

Even so, it's not a real big deal...so what if they'd sustain damage
from a very small nuclear device? It certainly doesn't mean they
could take punishment from a weapon thousands of times larger.

Shifting gears a little...

Lord Michael made a good point about how destructive the Romulan
plasma discharges were. They apparently involved the ship's entire
output, and appreciable charging time as well. That's a double-edged
sword: the Romulan ship was limited to "simple impulse power,"
perhaps meaning that they used fusion reactors (and hence, had
less total power generation capabilities than most M/AM reactor-equipped
vessels); however, we *cannot* argue with the effects which, to my
knowledge, are above and beyond anything we've seen the Federation
field.

Again, my memory of "BoT" is fuzzy, so I'll need someone to step in
and tell me if I'm way off here. All I remember is that the RBoP fired
two or three shots at a Federation outpost some one mile beneath
the surface of an iron (?) asteroid. Assuming the asteroid was
spherical and around 2 miles wide, Michael's asteroid destruction calculator
yields an energy of 32.8 megatons to fragment the thing. Crudely speaking, each shot would deliver around 10 megatons of energy to
the target.

Such a shot almost killed the E-nil, even after the thing started
to dissipate. Thus, the E-nil's shields would have an upper-limit "strength"
of around 40,000 terajoules.

Later in TOS, I'm told that the E-nil faced down two RBoPs and withstood
a handful of the plasma blasts. The Romulans must have sacrificed
sheer power/shot for increased firing rates, and/or the E-nil's shields
were stronger than they'd been previously.

In "Relics," as everyone knows who's studied Michael's pages, the
E-D was supposed to survive 3 hours in orbit of a G-type star,
beginning with 23% shields and at an altitude of 150,000 km (just
shy of 500,000 km from the star's center). With a frontal area of
~100,000 m^2 (approx. fwd. area of bubble shown in that episode from
the Edam debates), and assuming a luminosity one-quarter of Sol's
(9.5E25W), the shields would absorb 3 TW steady-state. That's not even one kiloton, but it'd be the equivalent of at least a two kiloton torpedo exploding against the shields/sec. (E losses from a spherical explosion).

That means it'd take around 140,000 terajoules to completely drain
"full" shields, or ~33 megatons. If it took ten to twenty torpedos to knock
down a very heavily shielded Federation ship, like the E-D (a K'Vort cruiser took a spread of five with no real damage in "Yesterday's Enterprise," so the more shield-conscious, much bigger Federation
battleships should logically take substantially more), each torpedo
would have an effective yield around 1.5 to 3 MT.

This doesn't help with most of the visuals, and it doesn't speak to
most of TOS (which I think had pretty small torpedos as a rule,
anyhow...NOMAD hit Enterprise with the equivalent of something
like 90 photorps at one point!), but I don't think it's too outrageous.

And interstingly enough, the photorps actually *are* still inferior to the plasma discharges the Romulans once used...that might help to explain why the Cardassian defense satellites are so deadly, able to accomplish
what a small fleet of F-K-R ships couldn't do: blow up their own
power source on that heavily shielded asteroid moon. (Further note:
at least, I'm assuming those platforms used some of their
plasma torpedos. They'd been firing beams at the Alliance ships,
then used a pulse-fire/torpedo-like weapon in firing on the asteroid.)
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Post by Captain Hornblower »

I don’t even think the Star Trek visuals show kiloton events (except maybe TOS). Kiloton and megaton sized weapons have been studied to such an extent that we know with a high degree of precision what will happen when these weapons are used. Granted much of that information has been gathered here on, above and below the earth’s surface, however, the physics of nuclear and thermonuclear weapons can be extrapolated to the depths of space. So, what does happen when a nuclear device is detonated in space?

The main part of the released energy from the nuclear device will be in the form of x-rays during a time period of several hundredths of a microsecond. Short pulse quanta will illuminate any nearby surfaces. This will cause rapid (tenths of a microsecond) radiation heating. Temperatures will exceed 16 million Kelvin on the heated surface. Unless starship hull can dissipate this energy as fast as it receives it then I expect the following to occur rapidly following surface heating. Vaporization of the surface, followed by melting, followed by fragmentation. For a starship hull I do not know what these rates are but for the earths surface I do. Vaporization is about 70 tons per kiloton yield of the weapon. Melting is in the range of 700 tons per kiloton. Fragmentation is on the order of 25 meters per the third root of the kiloton yield of the weapon (kT^1/3). A thermal wave will propagate through the ships interior. The thermal wave will superheat the air inside the ship, making it incandescent. Unless there is some way to stop this propagation, then a weapon of a few kilotons would be sufficient to incinerate any crew. Once the thermal wave has stopped, a shock wave is released. As the shockwave propagates throughout the ship it will cause extensive damage. Rarefaction will eventually cause the shockwave to move back in the direction of the explosion and cause parts of the ships mass to be thrown, at high velocities, out into space. In addition, to these nasty effects, the weapon will impart momentum onto the ship. This momentum is the result of the nuclear device vapors that will impact the surface of the ship and the other effects as described above. This momentum will be on the order of 10^8 t/m*s per megaton, or fraction there of.

Finally there is the neutron radiation. A one-megaton weapon will have x-rays on the order of 2KeV and neutron radiation on the order of 14MeV. The 14MeV neutrons will generate temperatures on the order of 30 million Kelvin. So it gets even worse for the hapless starship.

How is this similar to matter/antimatter reactions you ask? Well, they are quite similar, matter/antimatter just happens to require less mass to get higher yields. Though I do free admit I do not remember what the matter/antimatter reaction chain is and I am too lazy to look it up.
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Re: ST Photorps — Not As Powerful As They're Crack

Post by seanrobertson »

Darth Wong wrote: The general concept of torps which can destroy the ship which launched them from proximity effects while simultaneously being incapable of destroying an unshielded target without multiple direct hits is one of the biggest inconsistencies of Trek. It's almost ludicrous, really.

The only way to explain it (since the danger from proximity blasts was described but never demonstrated) is to go with the latter: it takes multiple direct hits, and the crew was just being neurotically over-cautious in the early TNG seasons (or perhaps they were afraid that the slightest jolt would cause the warp core to explode; a reasonable concern :)).
That's almost certainly the case...unless the photorps were just
monstrous in yield (begging the question), the crew *had* to underestimate their survivability.
Mind you, that doesn't necessarily indicate continuously variable yields. TOS-era phasers had "stun" and "kill" settings, with no other settings in between. This sounds like a "marker" setting.
Could be. Data said something to the effect of "setting 9 yield,"
which I'm pretty sure the writers had gotten from the TNG writer's
bible. But it's hardly conclusive, as you say...


That was a special torpedo, not a regular torpedo set to high yield.
Hmm, right, it was. VGR's standard torpedos are Type Six. This
was a Ten I think.

Keep in mind that the person making the wildest assessments is also assuming vapourization even though it was clearly fragmented, not vapourized (we can even see big solid chunks flying away). Use the asteroid destruction calculator on my site to figure out the numbers for fragmentation; even if we use Darkstar's ridiculously exaggerated size (450m IIRC), we get less than 100 kT. Still not MT-class.
From what I see, he's treating it as a cylinder with a width of
210m and a volume of about 14 million cubic meters.
(390m height? Whoa...) Somehow, his focus becomes one
of how much debris is seen exiting the explosion, its volume is
subtracted from the total, etc....you've probably seen that.

Phasers are extremely effective against water (see "Ensigns of Command"). Besides, even if those comets were more than a kilometre wide, a 100kT explosive would still destroy them.
I dunno that they were quite that large, even. I'd love to have vidcaps
from that episode, though as I said it doesn't give direct evidence of
a torpedo weapon in action.
I believe the asteroid works out to something like 250m after being scaled correctly (somebody correct me if I'm wrong; I haven't studied this too carefully). That would imply that they figured their torps were capable of at least 15 kT output (75 kT if we assume pure nickel-iron).

Mind you, that's actually quite high compared to some of the other incidents. As I've said elsewhere, I think that kT range is about the best we can squeeze out of ST visuals without resorting to literal semantic interpretations of speculative character dialogue (not exactly the most reliable method; you won't find it used by too many real-life scientists or engineers).
Out of visuals alone, yeah...I tend to think so. Some dialogue is okay, I suppose, but even that which doesn't require significant interpretation (e.g., "The sky is blue today") can be very misleading. The only reason
I'd include it in my own assessment of photorps is to accomodate the
somewhat higher 1-3 MT torpedos possibly indicated by a starship's
overall EM tolerance. Then again, that assumes there's next to no
difference between their burst capacities and long-term endurance,
of which I'm not so sure. 100 kiloton torpedos may well drain shields
at a rate far exceding that indicated by their yield and a shield's total
energy limits.
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Examining some issues

Post by Patrick Degan »

Firstly, apologies to Kamikaze Sith if some of my replies to him got a tad overheated.
seanrobertson wrote:
SirNitram wrote: Well, the type of fighter, IIRC, that they encountered was never fitted with nuclear warheads.. Those that were, were very low kiloton weapons..

So they say 'damage' and they can't be afraid of it? The most idiotic twisting of words I've heard outside of DorkStar in a while. If it blew their nacelles off they'd be 'damaged', does that mean it's fine to blast them off? Oy.
The fighter was equipped with very small nuclear warheads, and Spock
did say that, without shields, a hit from one of those weapons would
damage them. IIRC, however, he qualified that as "minor damage"
or words to that effect. I readily admit I could be wrong.
OK, according to the tactical air defence doctrines of the period, the entire purpose of a nuclear-tipped interceptor missile was to be able to knock down enemy planes with a proximity blast, using shockwave effect. The idea was to employ this tactic as an answer to massed Soviet bomber formations with the minimum number of weapons and later was being played around with as a possible antiballistic missile defence. With a 1KT warhead, for example, you could score an effective "hit" on a target from ranges of up to 450 metres from detonation point zero. Firing such a missile for proximity blast against the Enterprise would be sufficent to inflict damage without actually physically hitting the ship's hull with the warhead itself.

But the conventional warheads on standard fighter-mounted interceptor missiles would have inflicted serious damage on the unshielded starship at that moment.
Again, my memory of "BoT" is fuzzy, so I'll need someone to step in
and tell me if I'm way off here. All I remember is that the RBoP fired
two or three shots at a Federation outpost some one mile beneath
the surface of an iron (?) asteroid. Assuming the asteroid was
spherical and around 2 miles wide, Michael's asteroid destruction calculator
yields an energy of 32.8 megatons to fragment the thing. Crudely speaking, each shot would deliver around 10 megatons of energy to the target.
From what we see, the Warbird hit the outpost asteroid with two plasma shots. The first one would have rendered the body's molecular structure brittle (from what we see of the structural fragment brought on board for forensic examination and shattered by Spock in the briefing room), hence making it much easier to shatter what was left of the outpost asteroid with shot number two. Clearly, some sort of unconventional mechanism is at work in the case of the Romulan plasma-based implosion weapon.
Such a shot almost killed the E-nil, even after the thing started
to dissipate. Thus, the E-nil's shields would have an upper-limit "strength"
of around 40,000 terajoules.
For a start, we do not have several variables to aid us in calculating the power level of the charge against the E-nil's shields when the plasma shot finally hits: distance from the original target point from which the ship retreated, degree of dispersion of the plasma cloud and correleation between said dispersion and reduction of field strength.
Later in TOS, I'm told that the E-nil faced down two RBoPs and withstood a handful of the plasma blasts. The Romulans must have sacrificed sheer power/shot for increased firing rates, and/or the E-nil's shields were stronger than they'd been previously.
It was a maximum of ten Warbirds firing in rotation. The Romulans clearly modified the weapon for shorter range and lower power yields to not incapacitate their ships in general combat. We see the weapon impacts against the Enterprise's shields prior to the recovered Capt. Kirk coming back onto the bridge and pulling his corbomite trick on the Romulans. The visuals show blasts which certainly not MT-range. By the time of "The Enterprise Incident" however, the Romulans had abandoned this weapon in favour of disruptors and photorps, going by standard Klingon design.
If it took ten to twenty torpedos to knock down a very heavily shielded Federation ship, like the E-D (a K'Vort cruiser took a spread of five with no real damage in "Yesterday's Enterprise," so the more shield-conscious, much bigger Federation battleships should logically take substantially more), each torpedo would have an effective yield around 1.5 to 3 MT.
Recall however that the Klingons attacking the militarised E-D are employing their disruptors exclusively. And in any case, the figures in the above estimate still do not square with the observed performance of the photon torpedo in combat.
This doesn't help with most of the visuals, and it doesn't speak to
most of TOS (which I think had pretty small torpedos as a rule,
anyhow...NOMAD hit Enterprise with the equivalent of something
like 90 photorps at one point!), but I don't think it's too outrageous.
NOMAD's plasma bolts; one equalled ninety photorps as you cite, and three such took down the ship's shields. However, without more substantive data, it's hard to say precisely what that means in terms of blast yield for each plasma shot from NOMAD.
And interstingly enough, the photorps actually *are* still inferior to the plasma discharges the Romulans once used...that might help to explain why the Cardassian defense satellites are so deadly, able to accomplish
what a small fleet of F-K-R ships couldn't do: blow up their own power source on that heavily shielded asteroid moon. (Further note: at least, I'm assuming those platforms used some of their plasma torpedos. They'd been firing beams at the Alliance ships, then used a pulse-fire/torpedo-like weapon in firing on the asteroid.)
The one thing we can know is that apparently photorps could not have done the job in this case, and it took a different type weapon to destroy the platform.
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Re: Examining some issues

Post by seanrobertson »

Patrick Degan wrote: OK, according to the tactical air defence doctrines of the period, the entire purpose of a nuclear-tipped interceptor missile was to be able to knock down enemy planes with a proximity blast, using shockwave effect. The idea was to employ this tactic as an answer to massed Soviet bomber formations with the minimum number of weapons and later was being played around with as a possible antiballistic missile defence. With a 1KT warhead, for example, you could score an effective "hit" on a target from ranges of up to 450 metres from detonation point zero. Firing such a missile for proximity blast against the Enterprise would be sufficent to inflict damage without actually physically hitting the ship's hull with the warhead itself.
Interesting.

Of course, Spock might not've known that...and even at 450m,
a one kiloton explosion would deliver 1.64E6J/m^2. That's pretty weak;
1.6 MJ per meter sq. shouldn't breach dense wood, let alone a starship's
hull.

Still, as I said, a direct hit from a nuclear-tipped missile is no big
deal. Those yields were insignificant, and do little if nothing to help
the cause of weapons one thousand or more times heftier.

And in a different vein, even if Spock didn't know that such weapons
were intentionally used as proximity devices in the period, point-defense interception of a low-velocity rocket should be no problem for the E-nil.
Thus, again, we're looking at a proximity detonation...
From what we see, the Warbird hit the outpost asteroid with two plasma shots. The first one would have rendered the body's molecular structure brittle (from what we see of the structural fragment brought on board for forensic examination and shattered by Spock in the briefing room), hence making it much easier to shatter what was left of the outpost asteroid with shot number two. Clearly, some sort of unconventional mechanism is at work in the case of the Romulan plasma-based implosion weapon.
Probably, yes. I said something about how the Romulan ship
used "simple impulse," as Scotty'd pointed out...assuming that means
fusion reactors, it'd take a LONG time to power a plasma discharge
round rated at 10 MT/shot. Even assuming a 500 GW reactor and
perfect energy transfer, a 10 megaton shot would need some 232
hours to charge up :)

Of course, Scotty could've been wrong; and if ENT is any indication,
M/AM isn't too unique among even the youngest Trek races.

For a start, we do not have several variables to aid us in calculating the power level of the charge against the E-nil's shields when the plasma shot finally hits: distance from the original target point from which the ship retreated, degree of dispersion of the plasma cloud and correleation between said dispersion and reduction of field strength.
Indeed. That's why I called it an upper-limit.
It was a maximum of ten Warbirds firing in rotation. The Romulans clearly modified the weapon for shorter range and lower power yields to not incapacitate their ships in general combat. We see the weapon impacts against the Enterprise's shields prior to the recovered Capt. Kirk coming back onto the bridge and pulling his corbomite trick on the Romulans. The visuals show blasts which certainly not MT-range. By the time of "The Enterprise Incident" however, the Romulans had abandoned this weapon in favour of disruptors and photorps, going by standard Klingon design.
Yes.

Recall however that the Klingons attacking the militarised E-D are employing their disruptors exclusively. And in any case, the figures in the above estimate still do not square with the observed performance of the photon torpedo in combat.
They don't, but they are:

1--at very close proximity to the firing ship;
and
2--appear to be directed warheads. We don't see the torpedos interact
with anything but the Klingon ship's shields.

One could be summarily dismissed given the seriousness of the situation.
The crew of the E-D understood that protecting the E-C was of the utmost importance.

Two is harder to deal with, though it's certainly the case that we don't
see the Klingon's shield dumping that much energy back into the
surrounding environment. Given, however, the way in which shields
supposedly work--involving the inevitable Trek fall-back, subspace--
that we don't see this isn't necessarily damning evidence against the
torpedo's yield. It does demonstrate that *visual confirmation* of
such yields remains elusive, though.

NOMAD's plasma bolts; one equalled ninety photorps as you cite, and three such took down the ship's shields. However, without more substantive data, it's hard to say precisely what that means in terms of blast yield for each plasma shot from NOMAD.
Indeed. My point was that, even if Spock quantified NOMAD's blasts
as something other than what dialogue suggests--direct hits--that
a ship could withstand upwards of 100 photon torpedos is far from
the case in latter-day Trek, suggesting that TOS torpedos are
lower-yield devices.


The one thing we can know is that apparently photorps could not have done the job in this case, and it took a different type weapon to destroy the platform.
The script is as follows:[/i]

72 EXT. SPACE (OPTICAL)

The Defiant FIRES upon the moon, but the phaser bolt
dissipates as it strikes the forcefield surrounding
the moon.

73 RESUME

WORF
We can't penetrate the moon's
defense grid.

The ship SHAKES again.

O'BRIEN
Sir, I have an idea.

KIRA
Go ahead.

O'BRIEN
Maybe we can't destroy that
power generator, but I'd bet
those Weapon Platforms could.

KIRA
Why would they fire on their own
power source?

GARAK
(catching on)
We'd have to fool the platforms'
targeting systems into thinking
the generator is an enemy ship.

O'BRIEN
We can use our deflector array
to imprint a Federation warp
signature on the generator's
energy matrix.[/i]

Which, of course, O'Brien did successfully, and the platforms blew
the asteroid away in a matter of seconds.

Anyway, to speak at the topic as a whole, perhaps photon torpedos
simply *aren't* such menacing weapons. I have a hard time accepting
that they're not at least into the mid-kiloton range given, admittedly,
largely dialogue-driven sources (e.g., Damar's expectation that a Klingon
Bird of Prey's torpedo spread would kill everything w/in several hundred
kilometers in "Apocalypse Rising"), with the rare FX support in the form
of "Genesis" and "Rise." To explain the possibility of high kiloton
to low megaton-ranged weapons, perhaps we should turn to the
technobabble of episodes like "Yesterday's Enterprise," in which photorps
tear a whole in the fabric of space-time.

Infinite energy couldn't do this, so photorps must affect some level
of reality beyond that which we can see directly. That doesn't do anything
to help *verify* any yield, to be sure, but it might explain why shields
that can withstand megatons of solar EM don't visibly radiate such energy back into their surrounding environment.

Then again, I'm all for photorp yields into the low megaton range given
the comparative context w/ which we're dealing: tiny turbolasers putting
out megatonnage, medium-sized turbolasers putting out hundreds
of gigatons, and huge turbolasers potentially putting out teratons of energy per shot :)
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Re: Do you actually pay attention to what you're watching?

Post by Kamakazie Sith »

SirNitram wrote:
Well, the type of fighter, IIRC, that they encountered was never fitted with nuclear warheads.. Those that were, were very low kiloton weapons..

So they say 'damage' and they can't be afraid of it? The most idiotic twisting of words I've heard outside of DorkStar in a while. If it blew their nacelles off they'd be 'damaged', does that mean it's fine to blast them off? Oy.
Point, but Spock didn't sound that concerned....for a Vulcan that is :D
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Re: Examining some issues

Post by Kamakazie Sith »

Patrick Degan wrote:Firstly, apologies to Kamikaze Sith if some of my replies to him got a tad overheated.
Don't worry Patrick, it's all apart of the game.
But the conventional warheads on standard fighter-mounted interceptor missiles would have inflicted serious damage on the unshielded starship at that moment.
I don't recall Spock ever mentioning any concern from standard convetional warheads, or did he?
From what we see, the Warbird hit the outpost asteroid with two plasma shots. The first one would have rendered the body's molecular structure brittle (from what we see of the structural fragment brought on board for forensic examination and shattered by Spock in the briefing room), hence making it much easier to shatter what was left of the outpost asteroid with shot number two. Clearly, some sort of unconventional mechanism is at work in the case of the Romulan plasma-based implosion weapon.
IIRC the first plasma torp blow away the shields, then the next torp destroy the station.
The one thing we can know is that apparently photorps could not have done the job in this case, and it took a different type weapon to destroy the platform.
IIRC those torpedoes used on the OWP were called plasma torpedoes by the Cardassians. IIRC they resembled those used by the Romulans during TDiC.
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Post by Coyote »

But then, here's my favorite observation about the Photon Torpedo...

Photon = Light

In Star Trek, they attack each other with particles of light. This will NOT cause any Imperial captain to fill his shorts with trouser chili. So remember this when we hear the other 'direct quote' arguments, like 'lasers and nav deflectors' and Han Solo's '500-ship-starfleet' quip; the Photon Torpedo is a flashbulb bomb.
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Post by Master of Ossus »

While I really don't think that describing photon torpedoes as light-only weapons will win many debates, I did once beat a Trekkie who continuously insisted that turbolasers were actual lasers and therefore inferior to phasers by replying that SW proton torpedoes were obviously far better than ST photon torpedoes because of the "r" instead of the "h." Despite the incredible lack of sophistication behind my argument, it made him concede the point when a lengthy explanation had failed.
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Post by ClaysGhost »

Coyote wrote:But then, here's my favorite observation about the Photon Torpedo...

Photon = Light

In Star Trek, they attack each other with particles of light. This will NOT cause any Imperial captain to fill his shorts with trouser chili. So remember this when we hear the other 'direct quote' arguments, like 'lasers and nav deflectors' and Han Solo's '500-ship-starfleet' quip; the Photon Torpedo is a flashbulb bomb.
Photons can carry energy, same as any other particle. Would you call a GW laser a flashlight?
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Post by Ha Lire »

Master of Ossus wrote:While I really don't think that describing photon torpedoes as light-only weapons will win many debates, I did once beat a Trekkie who continuously insisted that turbolasers were actual lasers and therefore inferior to phasers by replying that SW proton torpedoes were obviously far better than ST photon torpedoes because of the "r" instead of the "h." Despite the incredible lack of sophistication behind my argument, it made him concede the point when a lengthy explanation had failed.
Seriously?
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