As for an alternate explanation which does not require the exploding consoles which visually are seen not to explode but burst into electrical sparks and flames, vibrational stresses cracking and breaking overhead lighting panels can account for the glass shards we do see on the deck to the right of the captain's chair where Mitchell is laying.
In that case I'm sure you can show a screenshot of these supposed cracked lighting panels? If not, the reasonable conclusion is that the debris comes from the device which has just been seen fail with with some force.
*sigh* My POINT was the reason people take OBJECTION to the exploding consoles in the first place is that by TNG, they're a a hell of a lot more explosive than they ought to be.
TWoK. That movie started it all. You can give excuses for it - the simulator was extra spectacular for effect, the other hits were with shields down - but there's no way around the fact that TWoK showed the way forward in terms of set pyrotechnics, and sparklies became the norm for showing battle damage.
That said...
Exploding consoles are blown out of proportion. Yes, it's silly that there's sparks everywhere when the ship gets hammered, but those very same sparks seem to be perfectly harmless. Ever pay attention to what actually happens? People on ships tend to pretty much ignore these sparks, or at beats get out of the way of them. Consoles that spew fireworks one second work fine the next (there's D13's example; another one that comes to mind is Insurrection - a corner of Daniels' tactical console burps up a spark, but he's nonplussed and the thing keeps working fine).
Whatever the sparks are, they're not a sign of a catastrophic failure of the instruments, nor do they seem to do permanent damage. the few times we see actual physical explosions - and they're
rare - are when ships are battered with their shields down.