El Moose Monstero wrote:On this subject, do any of our resident experienced geologists have any thinking on volcanism in hell? I can't remember what we've seen so far apart from molten lava lakes and lots of ash in the air.
I've actually been doing a good deal of thinking on this. The answer is 'it depends'.
My plate tectonics knowledge is rubbish; what is needed for plate tectonics? A sufficiently strong convecting, spinning core underneath and water on the top to create thinner regions of crust which are more deformable to create the first plates? It's been 5 years since 101.
Its not just water. You can have tectonics absent oceans, you just need convecting magma and unevenly distributed rock density.
If hell is a sort of 3D mobius loop, and since magma has to come from somewhere, could it come from whatever interface exist between the rock and the dimension? (I'm not even remotely aware of the intricacies of this dimension, spatial stuff, so there's probably something conceptually wrong with that) With sufficient energy, could you have convection cells forming in this strong enough to drive tectonics?
In theory, yes. From what Stuart said, the continent of Hell is about the size of Pangaea. If there's any sort of ocean beyond that, it means we're dealing with a surface area greater than that of Mars. Mars, as we know, DID have tectonics at one point before it cooled. If Hell is significantly YOUNGER than our solar system, it may not have had time to cool off.
The other question is CAN it cool off? I know there's a sky, but what is beyond it? If hell is a closed dimension, it cannot radiate heat away.
If you have some form of tectonics, then you can presumably have whatever volcanic features you like. If there isn't plate tectonics, then shouldn't things be fairly homogeneous throughout hell?
Not necessarily. If you have uneven distribution of hot spots you can get some wickid thermals driving erosion. You can also have sudden, eruptive mountain-forming events which can similarly change your weather.
Lots of large shield volcanoes growing to similar sizes to Olympus Mons if hotspots remain fixed in one location. Lava lakes requires low viscosity magma, especially if humans can be immersed in it rather than just lying on the top burning. If hell is homogenous, this rules out massive explosive eruptions like Pinatubo, Krakatau, and larger, which can generate gigatons of fine ash and eject it high into whatever passes for Hell's stratosphere.
Olympus mons isn't huge because of a lack of tectonics, it is as large as it is because gravity on mars is 1/3 that of earth. In Hell, I would expect barring supernatural/magical intervention or widely varying rock chemistries, the maximum size of mountains in hell will be fairly comparable to earth. If you have an ongoing, eruptive volcano, that can give you high peaks.
I suppose if there were lots of hotspot style eruptions on a continuous basis, rather than the long time scales between mantle plumes you get on Earth, then maybe you could have very large fissure/fountain style eruptions, bigger even than those of Laki in 17xx, which managed to get ash from Iceland to Scotland (about 500 miles or so). Multiple mantle plume based volcanism would also pave the way for absolutely massive outpourings of lava. But the low viscosity might not let you bombard cities with volcanic bombs.
Again, that's assuming a uniform lithology. Its quite possible there are basaltic magma oceans as well as your thick, rhyolitic volcanoes.
In fact, given what we know of hell's geology we could be looking at extensive
Natrocarbonatite volcano formation. It produces VERY viscous lava, horrible smells, and slightly more managable temperatures than others. Its a one-of-a-kind thing on earth, but there could be mountain ranges of them in Hell. Just food for thought.
As for what's driving all of it without tearing hell apart, I have no clue. It could be handwaved as the 'dimensional torsion' of Hell's nature imparting energy into the 'planet', or it could be that the soul-energy of the damned is what helps hold it all together.
If anyone has any specific geology questions I or another geologist (there's 2 or 3 knocking around SDN) could take a crack at it.
Now, to Stuart: How hard are they looking for another 'kitten' to do portals, or someone with the same ability that they could train to do so?